CVE-2025-6277

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-6277 is a critical SQL injection vulnerability discovered in the Brilliance Golden Link Secondary System, affecting versions up to 20250609. The flaw resides in the /storagework/custTakeInfoPage.htm endpoint, where the custTradeName parameter is not properly sanitized before being used in SQL queries. This allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to inject arbitrary SQL commands, potentially leading to data exfiltration, modification, or denial of service. The exploit has been publicly disclosed, increasing the risk of active exploitation. No official patch is currently available, and the vendor has not released a security advisory. The EPSS score is 0.0%, indicating low exploitation likelihood at this time, but the public PoC elevates the threat.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

• CVSS Score: 6.3 (Medium)
• Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
• Attack Vector: Network (AV:N) – exploitable remotely.
• Attack Complexity: Low (AC:L) – no special conditions required.
• Privileges Required: None (PR:N) – no authentication needed.
• User Interaction: None (UI:N) – no user action required.
• Scope: Unchanged (S:U) – vulnerability does not affect other components.
• Confidentiality Impact: Low (C:L) – limited data exposure.
• Integrity Impact: Low (I:L) – limited data modification.
• Availability Impact: Low (A:L) – limited service disruption.

Threat Level: Medium. The public availability of exploit details and the lack of a patch make this a significant risk for organizations using the affected system. Immediate mitigation is recommended.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability is a classic SQL injection in the custTradeName parameter of the /storagework/custTakeInfoPage.htm page. The application likely constructs a SQL query by directly concatenating user input without proper sanitization or parameterized queries. An attacker can inject SQL metacharacters (e.g., single quote ') to break out of the intended query structure and execute arbitrary SQL commands.

Example vulnerable code (conceptual):

SELECT * FROM customers WHERE custTradeName = '" + request.getParameter("custTradeName") + "'

An attacker can supply input like:

' OR '1'='1

to retrieve all records, or use UNION-based injection to extract data from other tables.

The exploit is publicly disclosed, meaning proof-of-concept code is available. The lack of a patch means all versions up to 20250609 are vulnerable.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Vulnerable Code (Conceptual Java/JSP):

String custTradeName = request.getParameter("custTradeName");
String query = "SELECT * FROM customers WHERE custTradeName = '" + custTradeName + "'";
Statement stmt = connection.createStatement();
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(query);

Patched Code (Using PreparedStatement):

String custTradeName = request.getParameter("custTradeName");
String query = "SELECT * FROM customers WHERE custTradeName = ?";
PreparedStatement pstmt = connection.prepareStatement(query);
pstmt.setString(1, custTradeName);
ResultSet rs = pstmt.executeQuery();

The patched version uses parameterized queries, which prevent SQL injection by treating user input as data, not executable code. Since no official patch exists, this is the recommended fix.

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team (Offensive)

Lab Setup:

1. Deploy a vulnerable instance of Brilliance Golden Link Secondary System (version 20250609 or earlier) in an isolated environment.
2. Use a web application scanner (e.g., Burp Suite, OWASP ZAP) to identify the vulnerable endpoint.
3. Craft a SQL injection payload to test the vulnerability.

Exploit Example (using sqlmap):

sqlmap -u "http://target.com/storagework/custTakeInfoPage.htm?custTradeName=test" --batch --dbs

Manual Exploit (curl):

curl "http://target.com/storagework/custTakeInfoPage.htm?custTradeName=' OR '1'='1"

Expected Outcome: The application returns all records from the customers table, confirming SQL injection.

Blue Team (Defensive)

Detection:

• Monitor web server logs for suspicious patterns in the custTradeName parameter (e.g., single quotes, SQL keywords like UNION, SELECT, OR).
• Deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with rules to block SQL injection attempts.
• Use the detection rules provided in the Detection Engineering section.

Mitigation:

• Immediately apply input validation and parameterized queries (see patched code).
• If patching is not possible, restrict access to the vulnerable endpoint via network segmentation or authentication.
• Monitor for anomalous database queries originating from the web application.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• Network IOCs:
  • HTTP requests to /storagework/custTakeInfoPage.htm with unusual custTradeName parameters containing SQL metacharacters.
  • Outbound database queries from the web server to the database server with unexpected SQL syntax.
• File IOCs:
  • Log entries in web server logs (e.g., Apache access.log) showing SQL injection patterns.
• Behavioral IOCs:
  • Unauthorized data access or extraction from the database.
  • Unexpected database errors or timeouts.

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_6277_SQLi_Detection {
    meta:
        description = "Detects SQL injection attempts targeting CVE-2025-6277"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-06-10"
        reference = "CVE-2025-6277"
    strings:
        $sqli1 = "custTradeName="
        $sqli2 = "' OR '"
        $sqli3 = "UNION SELECT"
        $sqli4 = "1=1"
    condition:
        all of ($sqli*) and filesize < 10KB
}

Sigma Rule

title: SQL Injection Attempt on /storagework/custTakeInfoPage.htm
id: 8a9b3c4d-5e6f-7a8b-9c0d-1e2f3a4b5c6d
status: experimental
description: Detects SQL injection attempts targeting CVE-2025-6277
author: Valters IT
date: 2025-06-10
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
detection:
    selection:
        cs-uri-query|contains: 
            - "custTradeName="
            - "' OR '"
            - "UNION SELECT"
            - "1=1"
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of similar patterns in non-malicious contexts (rare)
level: high

Suricata Rule

alert http any any -> any any (msg:"CVE-2025-6277 SQL Injection Attempt"; flow:to_server,established; content:"/storagework/custTakeInfoPage.htm"; http_uri; content:"custTradeName="; http_uri; pcre:"/(\x27|%27).*OR.*(\x27|%27)/i"; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

1. Immediate Action: If possible, take the vulnerable endpoint offline or restrict access via firewall rules to trusted IPs only.
2. Code Fix: Replace all dynamic SQL queries with parameterized statements (PreparedStatement in Java, parameterized queries in other languages).
3. Input Validation: Implement strict input validation for the custTradeName parameter (e.g., allow only alphanumeric characters and spaces).
4. WAF Rules: Deploy a Web Application Firewall with rules to block SQL injection patterns.
5. Monitor: Enable detailed logging for the web application and database, and monitor for suspicious activity.
6. Patch: Await an official patch from Brilliance. In the meantime, consider using a virtual patch or third-party security solution.

Valters IT
Securing Your Digital Frontier