CVE-2025-69214

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-69214 is a critical SQL Injection vulnerability discovered in OpenSTAManager, an open-source management software for technical assistance and invoicing. The flaw resides in the ajax_select.php endpoint, specifically within the componenti operation. An authenticated attacker can inject malicious SQL code through the options[matricola] parameter, leading to unauthorized data access, modification, or potential full database compromise. The vulnerability affects all versions up to and including 2.9.8. No official patch has been released, and the vendor has not responded to disclosure attempts. The CVSS score is 9.9 (Critical) due to the low complexity of the attack and the high potential impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

Supply Chain & Package Security

This vulnerability is not related to a package manager (NPM, PyPI, Go, Ruby) but is a direct code-level flaw in the OpenSTAManager PHP application. The risk is amplified by the lack of a vendor patch, forcing organizations to rely on manual mitigation or third-party security solutions.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

• Attack Vector (AV): Network (N) - The vulnerability can be exploited remotely.
• Attack Complexity (AC): Low (L) - No special conditions are required for exploitation.
• Privileges Required (PR): Low (L) - An attacker needs a valid user account.
• User Interaction (UI): None (N) - No user action is required.
• Scope (S): Unchanged (U) - The vulnerable component and the impacted component are the same.
• Confidentiality (C): High (H) - Full database read access is possible.
• Integrity (I): High (H) - Data can be modified or deleted.
• Availability (A): High (H) - Database can be disrupted or destroyed.

Threat Level: Critical. The combination of low attack complexity, network exploitability, and high impact makes this a high-priority vulnerability for any organization using OpenSTAManager.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability is a classic SQL Injection in the ajax_select.php file. The componenti operation is designed to fetch component data based on a serial number (matricola). The application fails to properly sanitize or parameterize the user-supplied input before incorporating it into a SQL query.

Vulnerable Code Snippet (Conceptual):

// ajax_select.php
$operation = $_GET['operation'];
if ($operation == 'componenti') {
    $matricola = $_POST['options']['matricola'];
    $query = "SELECT * FROM components WHERE matricola = '$matricola'";
    $result = mysqli_query($conn, $query);
    // ... process result
}

The attacker can inject SQL commands by providing a crafted value for matricola. For example:

' OR '1'='1' -- -

This would modify the query to:

SELECT * FROM components WHERE matricola = '' OR '1'='1' -- -'

This returns all rows from the components table. More sophisticated injections can be used for UNION-based data extraction, time-based blind injection, or even stacked queries (if the database supports them).

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Vulnerable Code (ajax_select.php):

$matricola = $_POST['options']['matricola'];
$query = "SELECT * FROM components WHERE matricola = '$matricola'";
$result = mysqli_query($conn, $query);

Patched Code (Recommended):

$matricola = $_POST['options']['matricola'];
$stmt = $conn->prepare("SELECT * FROM components WHERE matricola = ?");
$stmt->bind_param("s", $matricola);
$stmt->execute();
$result = $stmt->get_result();

The patched version uses prepared statements with parameterized queries, which completely separates SQL logic from data. This prevents any injected SQL from being interpreted as code.

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team (Exploitation)

Prerequisites:

• A valid user account on the OpenSTAManager instance.
• Network access to the application.

Exploitation Steps:

1. Identify the vulnerable endpoint: The endpoint is ajax_select.php with the operation parameter set to componenti.
2. Craft the injection payload: Use the options[matricola] parameter to inject SQL.
3. Execute the attack: Send a POST request with the malicious payload.

Example Payload (UNION-based data extraction):

POST /ajax_select.php?operation=componenti HTTP/1.1
Host: target.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Cookie: PHPSESSID=valid_session_id

options[matricola]=' UNION SELECT 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