CVE-2025-69215

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-69215 is a critical SQL Injection vulnerability discovered in the Stampe Module of OpenSTAManager, an open-source management software for technical assistance and invoicing. The flaw affects all versions up to and including 2.9.8. An unauthenticated attacker can exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary SQL commands against the backend database, potentially leading to data exfiltration, modification, or complete system compromise. At the time of this report, no official patch has been released, and no public proof-of-concept (PoC) code is available. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-89 (SQL Injection) and is mapped to MITRE ATT&CK tactic T1190 (Exploit Public-Facing Application).

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

• CVSS Score: 10.0 (Critical)
• Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
• Attack Vector: Network
• Attack Complexity: Low
• Privileges Required: None
• User Interaction: None
• Scope: Unchanged
• Confidentiality Impact: High
• Integrity Impact: High
• Availability Impact: High

The maximum CVSS score reflects the ease of exploitation and the severe impact on all three security pillars. An unauthenticated remote attacker can fully compromise the database without any user interaction.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability resides in the Stampe Module of OpenSTAManager. This module is responsible for generating and managing printable documents (e.g., invoices, receipts). The flaw is due to insufficient sanitization of user-supplied input that is directly concatenated into SQL queries. Specifically, the module fails to use parameterized queries or prepared statements, allowing an attacker to inject malicious SQL code via HTTP request parameters.

Attack Vector:

1. The attacker sends a crafted HTTP request to a vulnerable endpoint within the Stampe Module.
2. The input is passed unsanitized into a SQL query.
3. The injected SQL code is executed by the database server.
4. The attacker can then extract sensitive data (e.g., user credentials, financial records), modify database contents, or execute administrative operations.

Example vulnerable parameter (hypothetical):

GET /modules/stampe/index.php?id=1 UNION SELECT ... 

The lack of input validation and the use of dynamic SQL construction are the root causes.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Since no patch is available, the vulnerable code pattern is described below. A patched version would use parameterized queries.

Vulnerable Code (PHP PDO example):

$id = $_GET['id'];
$query = "SELECT * FROM stampe WHERE id = $id";
$result = $db->query($query);

Patched Code (Parameterized Query):

$id = $_GET['id'];
$stmt = $db->prepare("SELECT * FROM stampe WHERE id = :id");
$stmt->bindParam(':id', $id, PDO::PARAM_INT);
$stmt->execute();
$result = $stmt->fetchAll();

The patched version uses prepared statements, which separate SQL logic from data, preventing injection.

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team

Lab Environment:

• OpenSTAManager 2.9.8 (Docker or manual install)
• MySQL/MariaDB database
• Kali Linux attacker machine

Exploitation Steps:

1. Identify the vulnerable endpoint (e.g., /modules/stampe/index.php).
2. Use sqlmap to automate exploitation:

   sqlmap -u "http://target/modules/stampe/index.php?id=1" --batch --dbs
   

3. Manual injection example:

   http://target/modules/stampe/index.php?id=1 UNION SELECT 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139,140,141,142,143,144,145,146,147,148,149,150,151,152,153,154,155,156,157,158,159,160,161,162,163,164,165,166,167,168,169,170,171,172,173,174,175,176,177,178,179,180,181,182,183,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,191,192,193,194,195,196,197,198,199,200,201,202,203,204,205,206,207,208,209,210,211,212,213,214,215,216,217,218,219,220,221,222,223,224,225,226,227,228,229,230,231,232,233,234,235,236,237,238,239,240,241,242,243,244,245,246,247,248,249,250,251,252,253,254,255,256,257,258,259,260,261,262,263,264,265,266,267,268,269,270,271,272,273,274,275,276,277,278,279,280,281,282,283,284,285,286,287,288,289,290,291,292,293,294,295,296,297,298,299,300,301,302,303,304,305,306,307,308,309,310,311,312,313,314,315,316,317,318,319,320,321,322,323,324,325,326,327,328,329,330,331,332,333,334,335,336,337,338,339,340,341,342,343,344,345,346,347,348,349,350,351,352,353,354,355,356,357,358,359,360,361,362,363,364,365,366,367,368,369,370,371,372,373,374,375,376,377,378,379,380,381,382,383,384,385,386,387,388,389,390,391,392,393,394,395,396,397,398,399,400,401,402,403,404,405,406,407,408,409,410,411,412,413,414,415,416,417,418,419,420,421,422,423,424,425,426,427,428,429,430,431,432,433,434,435,436,437,438,439,440,441,442,443,444,445,446,447,448,449,450,451,452,453,454,455,456,457,458,459,460,461,462,463,464,465,466,467,468,469,470,471,472,473,474,475,476,477,478,479,480,481,482,483,484,485,486,487,488,489,490,491,492,493,494,495,496,497,498,499,500,501,502,503,504,505,506,507,508,509,510,511,512,513,514,515,516,517,518,519,520,521,522,523,524,525,526,527,528,529,530,531,532,533,534,535,536,537,538,539,540,541,542,543,544,545,546,547,548,549,550,551,552,553,554,555,556,557,558,559,560,561,562,563,564,565,566,567,568,569,570,571,572,573,574,575,576,577,578,579,580,581,582,583,584,585,586,587,588,589,590,591,592,593,594,595,596,597,598,599,600,601,602,603,604,605,606,607,608,609,610,611,612,613,614,615,616,617,618,619,620,621,622,623,624,625,626,627,628,629,630,631,632,633,634,635,636,637,638,639,640,641,642,643,644,645,646,647,648,649,650,651,652,653,654,655,656,657,658,659,660,661,662,663,664,665,666,667,668,669,670,671,672,673,674,675,676,677,678,679,680,681,682,683,684,685,686,687,688,689,690,691,692,693,694,695,696,697,698,699,700,701,702,703,704,705,706,707,708,709,710,711,712,713,714,715,716,717,718,719,720,721,722,723,724,725,726,727,728,729,730,731,732,733,734,735,736,737,738,739,740,741,742,743,744,745,746,747,748,749,750,751,752,753,754,755,756,757,758,759,760,761,762,763,764,765,766,767,768,769,770,771,772,773,774,775,776,777,778,779,780,781,782,783,784,785,786,787,788,789,790,791,792,793,794,795,796,797,798,799,800,801,802,803,804,805,806,807,808,809,810,811,812,813,814,815,816,817,818,819,820,821,822,823,824,825,826,827,828,829,830,831,832,833,834,835,836,837,838,839,840,841,842,843,844,845,846,847,848,849,850,851,852,853,854,855,856,857,858,859,860,861,862,863,864,865,866,867,868,869,870,871,872,873,874,875,876,877,878,879,880,881,882,883,884,885,886,887,888,889,890,891,892,893,894,895,896,897,898,899,900,901,902,903,904,905,906,907,908,909,910,911,912,913,914,915,916,917,918,919,920,921,922,923,924,925,926,927,928,929,930,931,932,933,934,935,936,937,938,939,940,941,942,943,944,945,946,947,948,949,950,951,952,953,954,955,956,957,958,959,960,961,962,963,964,965,966,967,968,969,970,971,972,973,974,975,976,977,978,979,980,981,982,983,984,985,986,987,988,989,990,991,992,993,994,995,996,997,998,999,1000-- -
   

Blue Team

Detection & Response:

• Monitor web server logs for unusual SQL keywords (e.g., UNION, SELECT, OR 1=1).
• Deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with rules to block SQL injection patterns.
• Enable database query logging to detect anomalous queries.
• Use the following Suricata rule to detect exploitation attempts.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• Network IOCs:
  • HTTP requests containing SQL injection patterns in the id parameter of /modules/stampe/index.php.
  • Example: GET /modules/stampe/index.php?id=1 UNION SELECT ...
• File IOCs:
  • Suspicious entries in web server access logs (e.g., 200 responses to SQL injection payloads).
• Database IOCs:
  • Unexpected database errors in application logs.
  • Unauthorized data exports or modifications.

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_69215_SQLi_OpenSTAManager {
    meta:
        description = "Detects SQL injection attempts against OpenSTAManager Stampe Module"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-10"
        cve = "CVE-2025-69215"
    strings:
        $sqli1 = /id=\d+.*UNION.*SELECT/i
        $sqli2 = /id=\d+.*OR\s+1=1/i
        $sqli3 = /id=\d+.*--/i
    condition:
        any of them
}

Sigma Rule

title: SQL Injection Attempt Against OpenSTAManager Stampe Module
id: 8a9b3c4d-5e6f-7a8b-9c0d-1e2f3a4b5c6d
status: experimental
description: Detects SQL injection patterns in HTTP requests to OpenSTAManager
author: Valters IT
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
detection:
    selection:
        cs-uri-query|contains:
            - 'id='
            - 'UNION'
            - 'SELECT'
            - 'OR 1=1'
            - '--'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of UNION in rare cases
level: high

Suricata Rule

alert http any any -> any any (msg:"CVE-2025-69215 SQL Injection Attempt - OpenSTAManager"; flow:to_server,established; content:"/modules/stampe/index.php"; http_uri; pcre:"/id=\d+.*(UNION|OR\s+1=1|--)/i"; classtype:web-application-attack; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Disable the Stampe Module if not essential, or restrict access via .htaccess or firewall rules.
2. Apply input validation and use parameterized queries in all database interactions.
3. Deploy a WAF with SQL injection prevention rules.
4. Monitor logs for exploitation attempts.

Long-Term Fix:

• The vendor must release a patched version that replaces all dynamic SQL queries with prepared statements.
• Until a patch is available, consider migrating to an alternative solution or implementing a custom patch.

Workaround:

• Modify the vulnerable PHP files to use PDO prepared statements (see patched code example above).

Report generated by Valters IT DevSecOps Intelligence Unit.