CVE-2025-8515

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-8515 identifies an information disclosure vulnerability in Intelbras InControl version 2.21.60.9. The flaw resides in the /v1/operador/ JSON endpoint, allowing remote attackers to extract sensitive information. With a CVSS score of 3.1 (Low), the attack complexity is high, and exploitability is difficult, but a public proof-of-concept (PoC) exists. No official patch has been released, and no open-source patch data is available. The vulnerability is not related to a WordPress plugin or component; it is a standalone industrial control system (ICS) application.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

• CVSS Score: 3.1 (Low)
• Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
• Attack Vector: Network (AV:N)
• Attack Complexity: High (AC:H) – Requires specific conditions or chained attacks.
• Privileges Required: None (PR:N)
• User Interaction: None (UI:N)
• Scope: Unchanged (S:U)
• Confidentiality Impact: Low (C:L) – Limited information disclosure.
• Integrity Impact: None (I:N)
• Availability Impact: None (A:N)

Threat Level: Low. The high complexity and difficult exploitability reduce immediate risk, but public PoC availability increases the need for monitoring.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability exists in the /v1/operador/ JSON endpoint of Intelbras InControl 2.21.60.9. This endpoint likely handles operator/user data. By sending crafted requests, an attacker can trigger information disclosure, potentially exposing usernames, roles, or configuration details. The exact mechanism is not publicly detailed, but it likely involves improper access controls or input validation, allowing enumeration of operator records.

The attack is remote and requires no authentication, but the high complexity suggests specific payloads or timing are needed. The EPSS score of 0.0% indicates low exploitation likelihood in the wild, but the public PoC may change this.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

No patched version is available. The vulnerable code is in the /v1/operador/ endpoint. Without a patch, the exact code difference cannot be shown. However, a typical fix would involve:

• Implementing proper authentication and authorization checks.
• Validating and sanitizing input to prevent enumeration.
• Restricting endpoint access to authenticated users only.

Vulnerable Code (Conceptual):

@app.route('/v1/operador/', methods=['GET'])
def get_operator():
    # No authentication check
    operator_id = request.args.get('id')
    # Direct database query without access control
    result = db.query("SELECT * FROM operators WHERE id = ?", operator_id)
    return jsonify(result)

Patched Code (Conceptual):

@app.route('/v1/operador/', methods=['GET'])
@login_required
def get_operator():
    operator_id = request.args.get('id')
    # Ensure user has permission to view this operator
    if not current_user.can_view_operator(operator_id):
        abort(403)
    result = db.query("SELECT * FROM operators WHERE id = ?", operator_id)
    return jsonify(result)

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team

Prerequisites:

• Intelbras InControl 2.21.60.9 running on a target network.
• Network access to the /v1/operador/ endpoint.

Exploitation Steps:

1. Identify the target IP and port (default likely 80/443).
2. Send a GET request to /v1/operador/ with enumeration parameters:

   curl -X GET "http://target/v1/operador/?id=1" -H "Accept: application/json"
   

3. Iterate through IDs to extract operator data:

   for i in {1..100}; do curl -s "http://target/v1/operador/?id=$i" | jq .; done
   

4. Analyze output for sensitive information (usernames, roles, etc.).

Expected Output: JSON objects containing operator details.

Blue Team

Detection:

• Monitor for repeated requests to /v1/operador/ with varying id parameters.
• Alert on unusual JSON response sizes or patterns.

Hunting:

• Search logs for GET /v1/operador/ with id parameter.
• Look for sequential ID enumeration (e.g., id=1, id=2, etc.).

Mitigation:

• Restrict network access to the endpoint using firewall rules.
• Implement WAF rules to block enumeration patterns.
• Monitor for public PoC usage.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• Network:
  • HTTP GET requests to /v1/operador/ with id parameter.
  • JSON responses containing operator data (e.g., {"id":1,"nome":"admin","email":"admin@example.com"}).
• File:
  • Log entries showing repeated access to /v1/operador/.
• Behavioral:
  • Sequential ID enumeration from a single IP.

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_8515_Intelbras_InControl_InfoDisclosure {
    meta:
        description = "Detects exploitation attempts for CVE-2025-8515 in Intelbras InControl"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-10"
        reference = "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-8515"
    strings:
        $endpoint = "/v1/operador/" ascii wide nocase
        $json_pattern = /"id":\d+/ ascii wide
    condition:
        $endpoint and #json_pattern > 5
}

Sigma Rule

title: CVE-2025-8515 Intelbras InControl Information Disclosure
id: 12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012
status: experimental
description: Detects enumeration attempts against /v1/operador/ endpoint
author: Valters IT
date: 2025-04-10
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
detection:
    selection:
        cs-method: 'GET'
        cs-uri-stem: '/v1/operador/'
        cs-uri-query|contains: 'id='
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate administrative access
level: medium

Suricata Rule

alert http any any -> any any (msg:"CVE-2025-8515 Intelbras InControl Information Disclosure Attempt"; flow:to_server; content:"GET"; http_method; content:"/v1/operador/"; http_uri; content:"id="; http_uri; classtype:attempted-recon; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

• Immediate: Restrict network access to the /v1/operador/ endpoint using firewall rules or VPN.
• Short-term: Implement a WAF rule to block requests with sequential id parameters.
• Long-term: Apply vendor patch when available. If no patch, consider upgrading to a newer version or replacing the software.
• Compensating Controls: Enable logging and monitoring for the endpoint. Use intrusion detection systems to alert on exploitation patterns.

Valters IT
Securing Digital Frontiers