CVE-2025-9843

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-9843 is a critical information disclosure vulnerability affecting Das Parking Management System (停车场管理系统) version 6.2.0. The flaw resides in the /Operator/FindAll endpoint, allowing an unauthenticated remote attacker to retrieve sensitive data without any prior authentication. The exploit has been publicly released, increasing the risk of widespread scanning and exploitation. No official patch is currently available, placing all deployments of this version at immediate risk.

Supply Chain & Package Security

This vulnerability is not related to NPM, PyPI, Go, or Ruby packages. It is a standalone application vulnerability in a proprietary parking management system.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

While no official CVSS vector is provided, based on the nature of the vulnerability (unauthenticated remote information disclosure), a reasonable assessment is:

• Attack Vector (AV): Network (N) – Exploitable remotely.
• Attack Complexity (AC): Low (L) – No special conditions required.
• Privileges Required (PR): None (N) – No authentication needed.
• User Interaction (UI): None (N) – No user action required.
• Scope (S): Unchanged (U) – The vulnerable component is the only affected component.
• Confidentiality (C): High (H) – Sensitive data is exposed.
• Integrity (I): None (N) – No data modification.
• Availability (A): None (N) – No denial of service.

Estimated CVSS Score: 7.5 (High)

Threat Level: High – Public exploit, no patch, remote unauthenticated access.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability is a classic case of insecure direct object reference (IDOR) or missing access control. The endpoint /Operator/FindAll is designed to return a list of all operators or users within the system. In a properly secured application, this endpoint would require authentication and authorization. However, in version 6.2.0, the endpoint is exposed without any access control checks.

Attack Flow:

1. An attacker sends a GET or POST request to http://<target>/Operator/FindAll.
2. The server processes the request without verifying the user's identity.
3. The server returns a JSON or XML response containing sensitive information such as usernames, passwords (potentially hashed or plaintext), roles, email addresses, and other operator details.
4. The attacker can then use this information for further attacks, such as credential stuffing, social engineering, or privilege escalation.

The exploit is trivial to execute, requiring only a simple HTTP request. The public availability of the exploit code means that even low-skilled attackers can compromise vulnerable systems.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Since no patch is available, a comparison cannot be made. However, a secure implementation would include:

Vulnerable Code (Conceptual):

[HttpGet]
public IActionResult FindAll()
{
    var operators = _context.Operators.ToList();
    return Ok(operators);
}

Patched Code (Conceptual):

[HttpGet]
[Authorize(Roles = "Admin")]
public IActionResult FindAll()
{
    var operators = _context.Operators.ToList();
    return Ok(operators);
}

The patched version would require the user to be authenticated and have an "Admin" role before accessing the endpoint.

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team (Offensive)

Lab Setup:

1. Deploy Das Parking Management System 6.2.0 in a controlled environment (e.g., Docker or VM).
2. Ensure the /Operator/FindAll endpoint is accessible.

Exploitation Steps:

1. Use curl to send a request:

   curl -X GET http://<target>/Operator/FindAll
   

2. Alternatively, use a web browser to navigate to the URL.
3. The response will contain a list of operators and their details.

Example Output (JSON):

[
  {
    "id": 1,
    "username": "admin",
    "password": "5f4dcc3b5aa765d61d8327deb882cf99",
    "role": "Administrator",
    "email": "admin@example.com"
  },
  {
    "id": 2,
    "username": "operator1",
    "password": "e99a18c428cb38d5f260853678922e03",
    "role": "Operator",
    "email": "operator1@example.com"
  }
]

Blue Team (Defensive)

Detection:

• Monitor for requests to /Operator/FindAll from unauthenticated sources.
• Look for unusual spikes in traffic to this endpoint.
• Check logs for 200 OK responses to /Operator/FindAll without prior authentication.

Mitigation:

• Immediately restrict access to the /Operator/FindAll endpoint using a web application firewall (WAF) or reverse proxy.
• Implement authentication and authorization checks on the server side.
• If possible, disable the endpoint entirely until a patch is available.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• Network:
  • HTTP requests to /Operator/FindAll from external IPs.
  • Responses containing JSON arrays with fields like username, password, role, email.
• File System:
  • Log entries showing GET /Operator/FindAll without a preceding authentication event.
• Behavioral:
  • Unauthorized access attempts to the parking management system's admin interface.

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_9843_InfoDisclosure {
    meta:
        description = "Detects exploitation attempts for CVE-2025-9843 in Das Parking Management System"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-10"
        reference = "CVE-2025-9843"
    strings:
        $s1 = "/Operator/FindAll" ascii wide nocase
        $s2 = "username" ascii wide nocase
        $s3 = "password" ascii wide nocase
    condition:
        all of them
}

Sigma Rule

title: CVE-2025-9843 - Das Parking Management System Information Disclosure
id: 12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012
status: experimental
description: Detects HTTP requests to the vulnerable /Operator/FindAll endpoint
author: Valters IT
date: 2025-04-10
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
detection:
    selection:
        cs-method: 'GET'
        cs-uri-stem: '/Operator/FindAll'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate admin access (should be rare)
level: high

Suricata Rule

alert http any any -> any any (msg:"CVE-2025-9843 - Das Parking Management System Information Disclosure"; flow:to_server; content:"GET"; http_method; content:"/Operator/FindAll"; http_uri; classtype:attempted-recon; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Isolate: If possible, disconnect the vulnerable system from the network until a patch is applied.
2. Restrict Access: Use a WAF or reverse proxy to block requests to /Operator/FindAll from untrusted IPs.
3. Monitor: Enable detailed logging for all requests to the parking management system and review logs for suspicious activity.

Long-Term Fix:

• Contact the vendor (Das) for an official patch.
• Implement proper authentication and authorization for all sensitive endpoints.
• Conduct a security audit of the entire application to identify similar vulnerabilities.

Workaround:

• If source code is available, add an [Authorize] attribute to the FindAll method.
• If not, consider deploying a custom middleware that checks for authentication before allowing access to the endpoint.

Valters IT
Securing Digital Frontiers