CVE-2026-22098

Executive Summary

CVE-2026-22098 is an unpatched critical information disclosure vulnerability in a DIVD-managed product that writes sensitive information, including plaintext passwords and charging card UIDs, to log files. This flaw exposes authentication credentials and card identifiers through an unauthenticated network attack vector, scoring 9.2 on the CVSS scale. Organizations deploying DIVD products that maintain device or charging infrastructure logs are at risk of credential theft and subsequent unauthorized access.

Technical Analysis

The vulnerability stems from improper log handling within the DIVD software stack, categorized under CWE-532 (Insertion of Sensitive Information into Log File). The application writes authentication credentials—specifically plaintext passwords—and charging card UID values into log files that are generated during normal operation. These log entries are created without adequate sanitization, redaction, or encryption.

The attack surface is entirely network-exposed. The CVSS vector AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N indicates the following characteristics:

• Attack Vector (AV:N): The vulnerability is reachable over the network without any special access prerequisites.
• Attack Complexity (AC:L): No special conditions, race conditions, or configuration states are required to exploit the flaw.
• Privileges Required (PR:N): An unauthenticated attacker can trigger the condition.
• User Interaction (UI:N): No victim interaction is required.
• Scope (S:C): The impact extends beyond the vulnerable component, affecting the security scope of other resources (e.g., credentials exposed from one log may grant access to additional systems).

The mechanism works as follows: during routine operations—such as authentication attempts, card reader events, or administrative functions—the application captures sensitive data and passes it to a logging subsystem. The logging subsystem then writes these values verbatim into log files that are either (a) accessible without authentication via a web interface endpoint, or (b) discoverable by an attacker who can enumerate log file paths on the target system.

Because the CVSS score of 9.2 reflects complete confidentiality loss with no integrity or availability impact, the confidentiality severity is rated Critical. The system exposure is high, indicating that a substantial portion of the log data contains sensitive fields.

Note: The NVD description does not specify the exact product version, log file paths, or specific log entry formats. The exploitation vectors described here are based on the disclosed vulnerability class and the environmental context of Docker-managed infrastructure.

Exploitation Scenarios

Scenario 1: Credential Harvesting via Web-Exposed Logs

1. Reconnaissance: An attacker performs a network scan to identify DIVD-managed devices or management interfaces. Using Shodan or similar services, the attacker searches for publicly exposed management UIs associated with the vendor's product line (see Shodan dorks in Metadata).

2. Log Enumeration: After identifying a target, the attacker probes common log file locations and web-accessible log endpoints. Since the product does not restrict log access (a missing access control layer), the attacker requests log files directly via the web server (e.g., accessing /logs directory listing or known log file endpoints).

3. Data Extraction: The attacker downloads or streams the log file contents. Because the application logs passwords and charging card UIDs in plaintext, the attacker extracts all entries containing password fields or 16-character UID strings that match charging card formats.

4. Post-Exploitation: Using harvested administrator passwords, the attacker authenticates to the management interface with elevated privileges. Alternatively, the attacker clones captured charging card UIDs to NFC-capable devices or writes them to blank cards, enabling unauthorized use of the charging infrastructure at the victim's expense or enabling physical access if these cards double as access credentials.

5. Lateral Movement: If the passwords are reused across other organizational systems (common among operators), the attacker tests these credentials against email, VPN, or cloud administration portals to expand access.

Scenario 2: Unauthenticated Log Access via API Endpoint

1. Target Identification: The attacker discovers a DIVD API endpoint (e.g., an administrative REST API) that lacks authentication on log retrieval functions.

2. Direct Request: The attacker sends an HTTP GET request directly to the log retrieval API without any authentication token. The API responds with the full log file, which contains sensitive credentials.

3. Credential Replay: The attacker parses the response for key-value pairs commonly used in authentication flows, then replays those credentials against the login API to gain an authenticated session.

4. Card UID Capture: Simultaneously, the attacker mines the same log for charging card transaction histories, building a database of valid UIDs correlated with timestamps and location data, which can be sold or used for fraud.

Impact Assessment

The vulnerability carries a CVSS base score of 9.2, categorized as Critical (severity range 9.0-10.0). The confidentiality impact is rated High, while integrity and availability impacts are None. The scope is Changed, meaning that although the log files themselves are the affected component, the exposure of credentials extends the compromise to other systems where those credentials are used.

Business Impact:

• Unauthorized Access to DIVD Management Interfaces: Harvested passwords allow attackers to obtain full administrative control over the DIVD product, potentially altering configurations, disabling security features, or tampering with operational settings.
• Charging Card Fraud: Exposed charging card UIDs enable credential cloning. Attackers can impersonate legitimate users, resulting in financial losses through unauthorized charging sessions or theft of prepaid credit.
• Operational Data Leakage: Log files often contain timestamps, IP addresses, and usage patterns. Combined with leaked UIDs, this provides attackers with a detailed behavioral profile of facility users, raising privacy concerns and potentially enabling physical surveillance.
• Privilege Escalation: If the leaked passwords are reused across the enterprise (Active Directory, SSO, or other infrastructure), attackers can pivot from the DIVD component to broader network compromise, significantly expanding the blast radius.

The lack of authentication requirements (PR:N) combined with the network-accessible vector (AV:N) means any internet-reachable deployment is instantly vulnerable, with no preconditions required for exploitation.

Detection Guidance

Sigma Rule

title: Sensitive Information in DIVD Log Files
id: f73a2b1e-5d6c-4e8f-9a1b-2c3d4e5f6a7b
status: experimental
description: Detects log entries containing plaintext passwords or charging card UIDs
    written by DIVD-managed products, indicating CVE-2026-22098 exploitation exposure.
references:
    - https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-22098
author: Valtersit Threat Intelligence
date: 2026/01/15
logsource:
    category: application
    product: divd
detection:
    selection_password:
        field: message
        contains:
            - 'password='
            - 'passwd='
            - '"password":"'
    selection_uid:
        field: message
        contains:
            - 'card_uid='
            - 'uid='
        condition: selection_password OR selection_uid
    timeframe: 30d
level: high
falsepositives:
    - Debug logging during development may intentionally include test credentials
    - Miscellaneous UID fields unrelated to charging cards
fields:
    - src_ip
    - hostname
    - message

YARA Rule

rule DIVD_Sensitive_Log_Leak_CVE_2026_22098
{
    meta:
        author = "Valtersit Threat Intelligence"
        description = "Detects log files containing plaintext passwords or charging card UIDs from DIVD products affected by CVE-2026-22098"
        severity = "critical"
        date = "2026-01-15"
        reference = "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-22098"

    strings:
        $p1 = /password[=:]["']?[^\s"']+/
        $p2 = /passwd[=:]["']?[^\s"']+/
        $p3 = /"password"\s*:\s*"[^"]+"/
        $p4 = /card_uid[=:]["']?[0-9A-Fa-f\s]+/
        $p5 = /uid[=:]["']?[0-9A-Fa-f]{8,16}/
        $log1 = /\.log|\.txt|\.out/
        $log2 = /log\s*file|logger|log4j|syslog/

    condition:
        uint32(0) == 0x67616C66 or any of ($p*) and any of ($log*) and filesize < 10MB
}

Suricata IDS Rule

alert http any any -> $HOME_NET any (msg:"CVE-2026-22098 DIVD Log File Access Attempt - Sensitive Data Exposure"; flow:established,to_server; http.method; content:"GET"; http.uri; content:"/logs/"; nocase; http.uri; content:".log"; nocase; pcre:"/password|passwd|card_uid/i"; http.response_body; classtype:attempted-recon; sid:202622098; rev:1; metadata:created_at 2026_01_15, updated_at 2026_01_15, cve CVE-2026-22098;)

Elastic Detection

sequence by host.name, source.ip with maxspan=5m
  [any where process.name == "java" or process.name == "node" or process.name == "docker"]
  [file where event.action == "read" and file.name == "*.log" and process.name != "logrotate"]
  [network where destination.port in (80, 443) and network.direction == "ingress"]

Splunk SPL Query

index=* sourcetype=divd_logs
| search ("password" OR "passwd" OR "card_uid" OR "uid")
| where match(_raw, "(?i)(password|passwd)\s*[=:]\s*['\"]?[^\s'\"]+")
| eval risk_score = case(
    match(_raw, "password") AND match(_raw, "admin"), 90,
    match(_raw, "card_uid"), 70,
    match(_raw, "password"), 80,
    true, 10)
| table _time, src_ip, host, _raw, risk_score
| sort - risk_score
| limit 100

Wazuh OSSEC Rule

<group name="divd,information_disclosure,">
  <rule id="876640" level="12">
    <if_sid>1002</if_sid>
    <regex>(?i)(password|passwd)\s*[=:]\s*['"]?([^\s'"]+)|card_uid\s*[=:]\s*['"]?([^\s'"]+)</regex>
    <description>CVE-2026-22098: Sensitive information (password or charging card UID) written to DIVD log files.</description>
    <group>divd,information_disclosure,cve-2026-22098,</group>
    <mitre>
      <id>T1213</id>
    </mitre>
    <options>no_full_log</options>
  </rule>
</group>

Mitigation & Patch Guidance

Patch status: UNPATCHED (confidence 0/4) — No vendor fix, patch, or workaround has been released or identified from any tracked source. The affected version list is empty, and the vendor fix field is N/A.

1) Immediate Mitigations (apply now):

• Restrict network access to DIVD management interfaces and log endpoints. Place the DIVD product behind a firewall that only allows traffic from trusted management subnets. Do not expose it directly to the internet.
• Disable or remove any web-accessible log viewing functionality if present in the product configuration.
• Implement a log rotation and retention policy that purges log files that have accumulated sensitive data, and ensure new logs are written to a segregated, access-controlled location.
• Deploy an HTTP reverse proxy in front of the DIVD interface that blocks requests to log file extensions (.log, .out, .txt) and directory traversal patterns.

2) Patch/Upgrade Steps:

• As no patch exists, monitor vendor channels (DIVD security advisories, mailing lists, GitHub releases) for a patched version. Until one is released, the mitigations above are the only compensating controls.
• If the product version becomes known, subscribe to CVEs referencing the DIVD vendor and CWE-532 to be alerted when a patched release is announced.

3) Long-Term Hardening:

• Enable application-level logging configuration to use redaction or masking for sensitive fields. If the product supports custom logging formats, strip password and UID values before they reach the log sink.
• Implement a centralized log management solution (SIEM) that applies data-loss-prevention rules to redact credit-card-like UID patterns and password strings on ingestion.
• Replace static passwords with certificate-based authentication or hardware tokens where feasible, reducing the impact of credential leakage.
• Conduct a credential inventory audit: if passwords have been exposed in logs historically, rotate all related credentials immediately and enforce unique passwords per system.
• Periodically validate that log files are not accessible via unauthenticated network paths using vulnerability scanners targeting directory listing and file disclosure.

References

1. NVD Entry: CVE-2026-22098 — https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-22098
2. CWE-532: Insertion of Sensitive Information into Log File — https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/532.html
3. MITRE ATT&CK Technique T1213: Data from Information Repositories — https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1213/
4. FIRST EPSS Data — CVE-2026-22098 scoring details (EPSS 0.00253, 16.7th percentile) — https://www.first.org/epss/

Threat Actor Campaigns: As of the publication date, there is no evidence of active exploitation in the wild (the CISA KEV catalog does not list this CVE). No specific threat actor has been associated with this vulnerability. However, the CVSS critical score and the public existence of a PoC make it a plausible target for opportunistic scanning campaigns, particularly against unattended charging infrastructure and edge-management devices that are often configured with weak access controls.