CVE-2026-45800

Executive Summary

CVE-2026-45800 is an authenticated SQL injection vulnerability in Vvveb CMS versions prior to 1.0.8.3. The flaw resides in the frontend user order history page (/user/orders). A normal authenticated user can inject malicious SQL code via the order_by and direction URL parameters. These parameters are directly concatenated into the SQL ORDER BY clause without proper sanitization or whitelisting, allowing an attacker to manipulate the query structure. Successful exploitation can lead to unauthorized data access, modification, or deletion of the database. The vulnerability is fixed in version 1.0.8.3.

Supply Chain & Package Security

This vulnerability is in the Vvveb CMS PHP application. It is not a package dependency issue but a direct code flaw in the application's SQL query construction. Users should ensure they are using the latest patched version from the official Vvveb CMS repository.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

• Attack Vector (AV): Network (N) - The attack is performed over the network.
• Attack Complexity (AC): Low (L) - No special conditions are required.
• Privileges Required (PR): Low (L) - The attacker needs a valid frontend user account.
• User Interaction (UI): None (N) - No user interaction is required.
• Scope (S): Unchanged (U) - The vulnerability does not affect other components.
• Confidentiality (C): High (H) - Full database read access is possible.
• Integrity (I): High (H) - Data can be modified or deleted.
• Availability (A): High (H) - Database availability can be impacted.

CVSS Score: 8.8 (High)

Threat Level: High. The vulnerability is easy to exploit with low privileges and can lead to complete database compromise.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability is in the OrderSQL::getAll() function. The order_by and direction parameters are taken directly from the HTTP request and concatenated into the SQL query string without any validation.

Vulnerable Code Path:

1. User logs in and accesses /user/orders?order_by=column&direction=ASC.
2. The Orders component extracts order_by and direction from the request.
3. These values are passed to OrderSQL::getAll().
4. The function builds a query like: SELECT * FROM orders ORDER BY [order_by] [direction].
5. An attacker can set order_by to something like: id; DROP TABLE orders; -- to execute arbitrary SQL.

Why it works: The ORDER BY clause is a structural part of SQL. Direct concatenation allows breaking out of the intended column name context and injecting arbitrary SQL statements.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Vulnerable Code (Pre-1.0.8.3):

// In OrderSQL::getAll()
$order_by = $_GET['order_by'] ?? 'id';
$direction = $_GET['direction'] ?? 'ASC';
$sql = "SELECT * FROM orders ORDER BY $order_by $direction";

Patched Code (1.0.8.3):

// In OrderSQL::getAll()
$allowed_columns = ['id', 'created_at', 'total', 'status'];
$allowed_directions = ['ASC', 'DESC'];

$order_by = $_GET['order_by'] ?? 'id';
$direction = $_GET['direction'] ?? 'ASC';

if (!in_array($order_by, $allowed_columns)) {
    $order_by = 'id';
}
if (!in_array(strtoupper($direction), $allowed_directions)) {
    $direction = 'ASC';
}

$sql = "SELECT * FROM orders ORDER BY $order_by $direction";

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team

Prerequisites:

• A valid frontend user account on a Vvveb CMS instance (version < 1.0.8.3).
• Network access to the /user/orders endpoint.

Exploitation Steps:

1. Log in to the Vvveb CMS as a normal user.
2. Craft a malicious URL targeting the order_by parameter.
3. Example: http://target.com/user/orders?order_by=id; SELECT 1,2,3 FROM users; --&direction=ASC
4. The injected SQL will be executed. Use UNION-based injection to extract data.
5. For blind injection, use time-based payloads like: order_by=id; IF(1=1, SLEEP(5), 0); --

Example Payload for Data Exfiltration:

http://target.com/user/orders?order_by=id UNION SELECT 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