CVE-2026-78182

Executive Summary

CVE-2026-78182 is an unauthenticated SQL injection vulnerability in the Shenzhen Gongji Technology XBROTHER Dynamic Environment Monitoring System, affecting versions up to and including 300R004C00B300. The flaw resides in the PlanController.getImmediatePlans function of the /xbreport/api/v1/plamange/plansImmediate endpoint, where the order/sort argument is improperly sanitized, enabling remote attackers to inject arbitrary SQL. With a CVSS score of 7.3 (High), successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized data disclosure, data tampering, and potential disruption of environmental monitoring operations. Public exploit disclosure increases the immediate risk to exposed systems.

Technical Analysis

Vulnerability Class: CWE-74 — Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection'). This is a generalized injection flaw where user-supplied input is incorporated into a downstream SQL query without proper sanitization or parameterization. The attack vector is specifically SQL injection (SQLi), a subset of CWE-74.

Affected Component: The vulnerability exists in the function PlanController.getImmediatePlans located within the file path /xbreport/api/v1/plamange/plansImmediate. This endpoint appears to handle real-time or immediate plan retrieval within the XBROTHER Dynamic Environment Monitoring System, a product designed to monitor environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, and power status across distributed facilities.

Attack Mechanism: The injection point is the order/sort argument of the affected function. This parameter is commonly used in database queries to sort result sets (e.g., ORDER BY column_name ASC/DESC). When the application constructs the SQL query by concatenating user-supplied input directly into the ORDER BY clause without parameterization or allow-list validation, an attacker can append malicious SQL fragments. Because ORDER BY clauses accept expressions, not just column names, an attacker can inject constructs such as (SELECT ...), CASE WHEN ... THEN ... END, or time-based functions to extract data or cause conditional responses.

Attack Surface: The vulnerability is remotely exploitable over the network. The CVSS vector indicates AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N — network-accessible, low attack complexity, no privileges required, and no user interaction. This suggests the endpoint is unauthenticated or that the injection occurs before authentication checks, making the interface exposed to any reachable network host.

Severity Rationale: The CVSS subscores reflect a U/S (Unchanged scope) with low confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts (C:L/I:L/A:L). While the base score of 7.3 places it in the High severity band, the low-impact subscores indicate that the environment's sensitive data might be partially protected (e.g., the monitoring system data may not include credentials or PII), but the attacker can still read, modify, or disrupt operational data. The public disclosure of the exploit raises the likelihood of active exploitation.

Exploitation Scenarios

Note: No public PoC or exploit code is available in the provided data. The following attack chain is inferred from the vulnerability class and endpoint characteristics described in the NVD entry.

Step 1 — Reconnaissance / Target Identification: Attackers would first identify exposed XBROTHER Dynamic Environment Monitoring System instances. Network scanning for the service associated with the /xbreport API path would be a likely initial step. Shodan-style searches for the product banner or known API endpoints could reveal internet-facing systems. Since the vulnerability requires no authentication, any identified endpoint is immediately exploitable.

Step 2 — Triggering the Flaw: The attacker would craft an HTTP request to GET or POST the endpoint /xbreport/api/v1/plamange/plansImmediate, supplying a malicious payload in the order or sort query parameter. The manipulation of this argument triggers the SQL injection. Because the vulnerability affects a PlanController function, the request would likely need to include valid plan-related parameters (e.g., an area ID or schedule ID) to reach the vulnerable query construction, though insufficient technical detail is available to assert exact required parameters.

Step 3 — Payload / Execution Method: At the vulnerability-class level, the payload would target the ORDER BY clause. Common SQL injection payloads for this context include:

• Boolean-based: order=1 AND (SELECT 1 FROM users LIMIT 1)=1 — conditionally alter query results to infer information.
• Time-based: order=1; WAITFOR DELAY '0:0:5'-- (MSSQL) or order=1 AND SLEEP(5) (MySQL) — infer data via response delays.
• Union-based: order=1 UNION SELECT ... — attempt to retrieve data directly, though ORDER BY injection often requires comment-out of trailing clauses. The exact DBMS is not specified, so the payload syntax would be adapted based on database fingerprinting during reconnaissance.

Step 4 — Post-Exploitation Impact: Successful injection with C:L/I:L/A:L implications would allow the attacker to:

• Read plan configuration data, environmental thresholds, and operational schedules (confidentiality).
• Modify plan data such as alert thresholds or scheduled actions (integrity), potentially causing false alarms or missed alerts.
• Disrupt the monitoring service by injecting heavy queries or locking database resources (availability). Given the low availability impact score, full denial-of-service is unlikely, but targeted disruption of specific queries is plausible.

Impact Assessment

Business Impact: The XBROTHER system is a dynamic environment monitoring platform, likely used in data centers, industrial facilities, or telecommunication sites for tracking temperature, humidity, power, and other environmental conditions. The affected versions up to 300R004C00B300 are susceptible, and the lack of authentication requirements amplifies the risk for any internet-facing deployment.

Affected Systems: All installations of Shenzhen Gongji Technology XBROTHER Dynamic Environment Monitoring System with firmware/software version 300R004C00B300 or earlier.

Blast Radius: The confidentiality impact (C:L) suggests data exposed is limited in sensitivity but could reveal operational patterns of monitored facilities. Integrity impact (I:L) allows partial data modification, which could corrupt monitoring records or misconfigure alert thresholds. Availability impact (A:L) permits limited service disruption. While an attacker cannot pivot to the entire corporate network via this flaw alone (scope is unchanged), the public exploit disclosure means script-kiddie-level attackers can easily replicate the attack. The low complexity rating (AC:L) reduces the skill barrier, and the lack of user interaction (UI:N) enables automated botnet exploitation.

Environmental Factors: Organizations running this system should consider the system's network exposure. If the management interface is internet-facing, the risk is immediate. If behind strict firewalls, the risk is reduced but not eliminated—insider threats or network compromise could still trigger exploitation.

Detection Guidance

The following detection rules target the exploitation attempts against the /xbreport/api/v1/plamange/plansImmediate endpoint, focusing on anomalous order or sort parameter values and HTTP request signatures.

Sigma Rule

title: SQL Injection Attempt Against XBROTHER PlansImmediate Endpoint
id: 6f1c9e2a-7b4d-4e5f-9a3c-8d2b1e0f5a4b
status: experimental
description: Detects SQL injection payloads in the order/sort parameter targeting /xbreport/api/v1/plamange/plansImmediate
author: Valtersit Threat Intelligence
logsource:
  category: webserver
  product: generic
detection:
  selection_endpoint:
    cs-method: 'GET'
    cs-uri-path: '/xbreport/api/v1/plamange/plansImmediate'
  selection_payload:
    cs-uri-query|contains:
      - 'order='
      - 'sort='
  selection_sqli_patterns:
    cs-uri-query|contains:
      - 'UNION'
      - 'SELECT'
      - 'WAITFOR'
      - 'SLEEP('
      - 'OR 1=1'
      - '-' 
      - ';'
  condition: selection_endpoint and selection_payload and selection_sqli_patterns
falsepositives:
  - Legitimate use of ORDER BY clauses with normal column names (low likelihood)
  - Security scanners probing for the vulnerability
level: high

YARA Rule

rule XBROTHER_SQLi_PlansImmediate {
    meta:
        author = "Valtersit Threat Intelligence"
        description = "Detects HTTP requests containing SQL injection payloads targeting the XBROTHER plansImmediate endpoint"
        cve = "CVE-2026-78182"
        date = "2026-05-01"
    strings:
        $endpoint = "/xbreport/api/v1/plamange/plansImmediate" ascii wide nocase
        $param_order = "order=" ascii wide nocase
        $param_sort = "sort=" ascii wide nocase
        $sqli_union = "UNION" ascii wide nocase
        $sqli_select = "SELECT" ascii wide nocase
        $sqli_sleep = "SLEEP(" ascii wide nocase
        $sqli_waitfor = "WAITFOR" ascii wide nocase
        $sqli_comment = "--" ascii wide
    
    condition:
        $endpoint and ($param_order or $param_sort) and (
            $sqli_union or $sqli_select or $sqli_sleep or $sqli_waitfor or $sqli_comment
        ) and filesize < 10KB
}

Suricata IDS Rule

alert http any any -> $HOME_NET any (
    msg:"CVE-2026-78182 SQL Injection Attempt in XBROTHER PlansImmediate Endpoint";
    flow:to_server,established;
    http.uri; content:"/xbreport/api/v1/plamange/plansImmediate"; nocase;
    http.uri; content:"order="; nocase; 
    http.uri; pcre:"/(UNION\s+SELECT|SLEEP\s*\(|WAITFOR\s+DELAY|OR\s+1\s*=\s*1|--)/i";
    sid:27000182; rev:1; 
    reference:cve,2026-78182;
    classtype:web-application-attack;
    priority:1;
)

Elastic Detection

sequence by source.ip with maxspan=5s
  [network where destination.port == 80 or destination.port == 443
   and url.path == "/xbreport/api/v1/plamange/plansImmediate"
   and (
     wildcard(url.query, "*order=*") or wildcard(url.query, "*sort=*")
   )]
  [network where 
   (wildcard(url.query, "*UNION*") or wildcard(url.query, "*SELECT*") or 
    wildcard(url.query, "*WAITFOR*") or wildcard(url.query, "*SLEEP*") or
    wildcard(url.query, "*OR 1=1*") or wildcard(url.query, "*--*"))
   and url.path == "/xbreport/api/v1/plamange/plansImmediate"]

Splunk SPL Query

index=web sourcetype=access_combined 
| where match(uri, "/xbreport/api/v1/plamange/plansImmediate") 
| where match(form_data, "(?i)order=.+(UNION|SELECT|SLEEP|WAITFOR|OR\s+1\s*=\s*1|--).*") 
    OR match(form_data, "(?i)sort=.+(UNION|SELECT|SLEEP|WAITFOR|OR\s+1\s*=\s*1|--).*")
| table _time, src_ip, uri, form_data, http_user_agent, status
| sort - _time

Wazuh OSSEC Rule

<group name="web, sql_injection,">
  <rule id="100182" level="12">
    <decoded_as>web</decoded_as>
    <match>^GET /xbreport/api/v1/plamange/plansImmediate</match>
    <regex>([?&](order|sort)=[^&\s]*[;'"-])</regex>
    <regex>(UNION|SELECT|WAITFOR|SLEEP|OR\s+1\s*=\s*1|--)</regex>
    <description>CVE-2026-78182: SQL injection attempt against XBROTHER plansImmediate endpoint</description>
    <group>sql_injection,web_attack,</group>
    <mitre>
      <id>T1190</id>
    </mitre>
  </rule>
</group>

Mitigation & Patch Guidance

Patch Confidence: 0/4 — UNPATCHED. No patch evidence exists from any tracked source. The vendor (Shenzhen Gongji Technology) has not released a fix for CVE-2026-78182 as of this report. Affected versions include all releases up to and including 300R004C00B300.

1. Immediate Mitigations:

• Network Restriction: Immediately restrict network access to the /xbreport API path. Place the management interface behind a VPN or bastion host, and block external access via firewall rules.
• WAF Rules: Deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) rule to block requests containing SQL injection patterns in order or sort parameters. The Suricata and Elastic rules above can serve as starting points for WAF signature configuration.
• Disable Unused Endpoints: If immediate plan retrieval is not critical, disable the endpoint or the getImmediatePlans function via application configuration if supported.
• Monitor Logs: Enable verbose access logs for the affected endpoint and monitor for anomalous order/sort values or requests containing SQL keywords.

2. Patch/Upgrade Steps:

• Contact Shenzhen Gongji Technology for a patched firmware version. As of this report, no fix is available. Subscribe to vendor security advisories for notifications.
• Monitor NVD and vendor channels for CVE-2026-78182 updates; the patch may be bundled with a general firmware release.
• If patching is not immediately possible, consider decommissioning the affected system or isolating it on a segregated network segment.

3. Long-Term Hardening:

• Input Validation: Ensure all user-supplied parameters, especially ordering and sorting arguments, are validated against strict allow-lists (e.g., only specific column names).
• Prepared Statements: The vendor should refactor all database queries to use parameterized statements or stored procedures to eliminate SQL injection class vulnerabilities.
• Least Privilege: Run the application's database connection with minimal privileges (e.g., read-only for public-facing queries) to limit blast radius.
• Network Segmentation: Place environmental monitoring systems on an isolated management VLAN with no direct internet exposure.
• Asset Inventory: Maintain an inventory of all XBROTHER instances, including firmware versions, to facilitate rapid patching when a fix becomes available.
• Regular Audits: Conduct periodic penetration testing focused on the order/sort parameter family of endpoints.

References

1. NVD Entry: https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-78182 — Official NVD record with CVSS vector and description.
2. CWE-74 Reference: https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/74.html — Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component.
3. Vendor Contact: Shenzhen Gongji Technology — No public advisory available; direct vendor communication recommended for patch status inquiries.
4. CISA KEV: Not applicable — CVE-2026-78182 is not listed in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.
5. Exploit Public Disclosure: The NVD description notes the exploit has been disclosed publicly; however, no PoC repository or researcher blog link was provided in the intelligence data. No campaigns or exploitation-in-the-wild evidence was available at the time of writing.

Report generated by Valtersit Threat Intelligence. EPSS score not yet available from FIRST.org at publication time.