CVE-2025-1044

Executive Summary

CVE-2025-1048 is a critical authentication bypass vulnerability in the Logsign Unified SecOps Platform. The flaw resides in the web service (default TCP port 443) and allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to completely bypass the authentication mechanism. With a CVSS score of 9.8, this vulnerability poses an immediate and severe risk to any organization using the affected Logsign platform. Successful exploitation grants the attacker full administrative access, enabling data exfiltration, system compromise, and lateral movement within the network. As of this report, no official patch or public exploit code has been released, but the technical details are sufficient for threat actors to develop working exploits.

CVSS Breakdown & Threat Level

• CVSS Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
• Base Score: 9.8 (Critical)
• Attack Vector: Network (AV:N) – Exploitable remotely.
• Attack Complexity: Low (AC:L) – No special conditions required.
• Privileges Required: None (PR:N) – No authentication needed.
• User Interaction: None (UI:N) – No user action required.
• Scope: Unchanged (S:U) – The vulnerable component and the impacted component are the same.
• Confidentiality Impact: High (C:H) – Full read access to all data.
• Integrity Impact: High (I:H) – Full write access to all data.
• Availability Impact: High (A:H) – Potential for denial of service or system takeover.

Threat Level: Critical. The combination of remote exploitability, no authentication requirement, and high impact makes this a top-priority vulnerability for immediate remediation.

Deep Dive & Mechanics

The vulnerability is rooted in the authentication algorithm of the Logsign Unified SecOps Platform's web service. The specific flaw is a failure to properly validate authentication tokens or session credentials. The web service, listening on TCP port 443, does not enforce a correct authentication check before granting access to administrative functions.

Technical Breakdown:

1. Entry Point: The web service on port 443.
2. Flaw: The authentication algorithm lacks proper implementation. This could manifest as:
   • Missing Token Validation: The server does not verify the authenticity or integrity of a provided authentication token.
   • Predictable Token Generation: Tokens are generated using weak or predictable algorithms (e.g., sequential numbers, timestamps, or static values).
   • Logic Bypass: A specific request parameter or header can be manipulated to bypass the authentication check entirely (e.g., setting admin=true or isAuthenticated=1).
   • Default Credentials: The system may accept default or hardcoded credentials that are not properly disabled.
3. Exploitation: An attacker sends a crafted HTTP request to the Logsign web service. This request either forges a valid authentication token, manipulates a session variable, or exploits a logic flaw to gain access without valid credentials.
4. Result: The attacker is granted administrative privileges, allowing full control over the Logsign platform.

Vulnerable vs. Patched Code

Since no official patch or source code is available, this section provides a conceptual comparison based on the vulnerability description.

Vulnerable Code (Conceptual):

# Vulnerable authentication check
def authenticate(request):
    token = request.headers.get('Authorization')
    # Flaw: Token is not validated against a secure store
    if token is not None:
        # Attacker can provide any token
        return True
    return False

Patched Code (Conceptual):

# Patched authentication check
def authenticate(request):
    token = request.headers.get('Authorization')
    if token is None:
        return False
    # Properly validate token against a secure, cryptographically signed store
    if validate_token(token, secret_key):
        return True
    return False

Exploitation & Lab Setup

Red Team (Offensive):

1. Lab Environment:

   • Target: A virtual machine running Logsign Unified SecOps Platform (vulnerable version).
   • Attacker: Kali Linux or any system with curl and Burp Suite.
   • Network: Both VMs on the same isolated network.

2. Reconnaissance:

   • Scan the target: nmap -p 443 <target_ip>
   • Confirm the service: curl -k https://<target_ip>/

3. Exploitation Attempts:

   • Token Manipulation: Try sending requests with modified or empty Authorization headers.

     curl -k -X GET https://<target_ip>/api/admin/users -H "Authorization: Bearer anytoken"
     

   • Parameter Tampering: Add parameters like admin=true, isAdmin=1, or role=admin to the request.

     curl -k -X GET "https://<target_ip>/api/admin/users?admin=true"
     

   • Default Credentials: Attempt common default credentials (e.g., admin:admin, logsign:logsign).

     curl -k -u admin:admin https://<target_ip>/api/admin/users
     

   • Session Fixation/Manipulation: Modify session cookies (e.g., PHPSESSID) to known or predictable values.

4. Post-Exploitation:

   • Once authenticated, enumerate users, extract logs, and attempt to pivot to other systems.

Blue Team (Defensive):

1. Detection:

   • Monitor for unusual HTTP requests to the Logsign web service, especially those with missing or malformed authentication headers.
   • Alert on any successful access to administrative endpoints (e.g., /api/admin/*) from IPs not in the allowed list.
   • Look for patterns of parameter tampering (e.g., admin=true, isAdmin=1).

2. Mitigation:

   • Immediate: Isolate the Logsign platform from the internet and restrict access to trusted IPs only.
   • Short-term: Apply any vendor-provided workaround or implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) rule to block suspicious requests.
   • Long-term: Apply the official patch as soon as it is released.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

• Network IOCs:

  • HTTP requests to /api/admin/* endpoints without a valid Authorization header.
  • HTTP requests containing parameters like admin=true, isAdmin=1, or role=admin.
  • Repeated failed login attempts followed by a successful login from the same IP.
  • Unusual outbound connections from the Logsign server to unknown IPs (data exfiltration).

• Host IOCs:

  • New user accounts created on the Logsign platform.
  • Unauthorized changes to system configuration or logs.
  • Presence of web shells or other backdoor files in the web root directory.

• Log IOCs:

  • Log entries showing authentication bypass events (e.g., Authentication bypass detected if logging is enabled).
  • Log entries with missing or anomalous user agent strings.

Detection Engineering

YARA Rule

rule CVE_2025_1048_Logsign_AuthBypass {
    meta:
        description = "Detects potential exploitation of CVE-2025-1048 in Logsign Unified SecOps Platform"
        author = "Valters IT"
        date = "2025-04-10"
        reference = "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1048"
        severity = "critical"
    strings:
        $s1 = "admin=true" ascii wide nocase
        $s2 = "isAdmin=1" ascii wide nocase
        $s3 = "role=admin" ascii wide nocase
        $s4 = "/api/admin/" ascii wide nocase
    condition:
        any of ($s1, $s2, $s3) or ($s4 and #s4 > 5)
}

Sigma Rule

title: CVE-2025-1048 Logsign Authentication Bypass Attempt
id: 8a9b7c6d-5e4f-3a2b-1c0d-9e8f7a6b5c4d
status: experimental
description: Detects HTTP requests attempting to exploit CVE-2025-1048 in Logsign Unified SecOps Platform
author: Valters IT
date: 2025-04-10
references:
    - https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1048
logsource:
    category: webserver
    product: apache
    service: http
detection:
    selection:
        cs-method: 'GET'
        cs-uri-query|contains:
            - 'admin=true'
            - 'isAdmin=1'
            - 'role=admin'
    condition: selection
falsepositives:
    - Legitimate administrative actions from authorized users
level: high

Suricata Rule

alert http $EXTERNAL_NET any -> $HOME_NET 443 (msg:"CVE-2025-1048 Logsign Authentication Bypass Attempt"; flow:to_server,established; content:"GET"; http_method; content:"/api/admin/"; http_uri; content:"admin=true" or content:"isAdmin=1" or content:"role=admin"; http_uri; classtype:attempted-admin; sid:1000001; rev:1;)

Remediation & Mitigation

1. Immediate Actions:

   • Isolate: Disconnect the Logsign platform from the internet and any untrusted networks.
   • Access Control: Implement strict IP whitelisting to limit access to the web interface.
   • Monitor: Enable detailed logging and monitor for any suspicious activity.

2. Short-term Actions:

   • WAF Rules: Deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with rules to block requests containing suspicious parameters (e.g., admin=true, isAdmin=1).
   • Vendor Contact: Contact Logsign support for an official patch or workaround.
   • Credential Rotation: Change all passwords and API keys associated with the platform.

3. Long-term Actions:

   • Patch: Apply the official patch as soon as it is released by Logsign.
   • Upgrade: Upgrade to a patched version of the Logsign Unified SecOps Platform.
   • Security Review: Conduct a thorough security review of the platform and its configuration.

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